Learning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
People to Know
100

Unlearned motor or neural reactions to a specific stimulus in an environment

What are reflexes?

100

The stimulus which elicits no response until conditioned

What is neutral?

100

Decreasing behavior, in operant conditioning

What is punishment?

100

Individuals who perform behavior that is imitated in observational learning

Who are models?

100

The Russian physiologist who is best known for experiments in classical conditioning

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

200

Innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as maturation or change of seasons

What are instincts?

200

When an organism learns to respond differently to various stimuli that are similar

What is stimulus discrimination?

200

Tokens are an example of this

What is a secondary reinforcer?

200

When an organism observes a model being punished and is therefor less likely to copy them

What is vicarious punishment?

200

The founder of behaviorism

Who is John Watson?

300

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience

What is learning?

300

The return of a previously extinguished conditioned response following a rest period

What is spontaneous recovery?

300

The official name of the "Skinner box"

What is the Operant Conditioning Chamber?

300

The four specific steps necessary for observational learning to occur

What are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation?

300

Originally proposed the Law of Effect

Who is Edward Thorndike?

400

Reflexes and instincts do not have to be learned; they help an organism do this within its environment


What is adapt?

400

The initial period of learning

What is acquisition?

400

Rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior

What is shaping?

400

The theory of learning which takes cognitive processes into account as they relate to behaviorism

What is social learning theory?

400

The scientist who demonstrated that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement

Who is Edward Tolman?

500

The process that occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together in the environment.

What is associative learning?

500

When the conditioned stimulus serves to condition another stimulus

What is higher order (or second-order) conditioning?

500

Skinner believed that behaviors are motivated by this

What are consequences?

500

Three types of models identified by Bandura

What are live, verbal, and symbolic?

500

The psychologist who asserts that the details we place in our cognitive maps can impact our success in navigating through the environment.

Who is Laura Carlson?

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