Psychology as a profession
What are three subfields of psychology?
School psychologists
Educational psychologists
Developmental Psychologist
Rehabilitation psychologist
Health Psychologist
Environmental Psychologist
Industrial Psychologist
Community Psychologist
Forensic Psychologist
What is Developmental Psychology ?
The study of how humans develop and why the develop as they do
What is Authoritarian Parenting Style?
Parents are the bosses of the home
Parents do not believe they need to provide explanations for their actions or demands.
Most likely to utilize strong disciplinary methods
What are Genetics?
Genetics
Physical appearance
Biological Influences
How many personality disorders are there?
There are 12 Personality Disorders according to the DSM 5
What are Psychologists?
Trained to observe, analyze, and emulate behavior
When does Fetal Development start?
Begins long before a baby is born
What is Democratic/Authoritative Parents ?
Children are able to participate in decision making -- especially decisions that affect their lives.
Parents listen to their children
Parents make an effort to explain the reasons/expectations behind certain decisions
Punishment is a mix between strict enforcement and gentler methods: example: mixing spankings with time-outs
What is Nature?
Scientists continue to debate whether human behavior is instinctive ( due to heredity) or learned (due to the environment). Many believe it is a combination of both.
Genes are the basic units of heredity. Typical DNA includes 46 chromosomes, which are grouped into 23 pairs.
A genotype is the set of genes within a person’s body
A phenotype is the outward expression of a person’s genes.
Chromosomal abnormalities can cause conditions such as Down syndrome, sickle cell anemia, and cystic fibrosis.
How do you Diagnose Personality Disorders?
4 core characteristics of personality disorders:
Extreme and distorted thinking patterns
Problematic emotional response patterns
Impulse control problems
Significant interpersonal problems
What are clinical psychologists?
Clinical Psychologists : help people deal with personal problems
- Private offices, mental hospitals, prisons, etc.
What abilities do newborns have ?
Newborns have the ability to see, hear, smell, and respond to the environment
What is Permissive or “Laissez-faire” families ?
Parents may attempt to set rules and regulations, but they give in when children insist on having their own way
Children essentially are their own rule makers
Discipline in these types of families are usually given only in times of extreme frustration
What is Nurture?
External Factors
Parenting style: Authoritative parenting style, authoritarian parenting style, permissive parenting style, and neglectful parenting style.
Life experience - Experiences / Knowledge gained through living and interacting with the environment
Culture - The customs, arts, social institutions of a particular social group
What is Antisocial?
Antisocial personality Disorder:
A personality disorder characterized by irresponsibility, shallow emotions, and lack of a conscious
Antisocial people tend to be callous and unemotional ; they treat people as objects and feel no shame or guilt for breaking the social rules
Counseling Psychologists : help people deal with problems of everyday life
- Own office, schools, etc.
What is the critical Period?
Critical Period - a period of time where someone is most able to learn a new skill
What is Neglectful/Uninvolved Parents?
Parents who are essentially egocentric in their child-rearing
Uncommitted to their roles as parents
Quite distant to their children
What is personality?
Personality
Consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person
What are characteristics pf BPD?
Identity
Unstable or mixed identity
Chronic feelings of emptiness and excessive self-criticism
Self Direction
Instability in goals, aspirations, values, career plans
Empathy
Compromised ability to recognize the feelings/needs of others
Intimacy
Intense, unstable, conflicted close relationships
How do psychology and psychiatry differ?
Psychiatrist can prescribe medications, Psychologist cannot prescribe
What is the intellectual Schemas?
Intellectual Schemas - a “framework” a person uses to make sense of the world
What are the four main Parenting Styles?
Authoritarian Parenting Style
Democratic/Authoritative Parents
Neglectful/Uninvolved Parents
What is attitude?
Attitude
A certain way of thinking or feeling about something. Typically reflected in a person’s behavior
What is tolerance?
Tolerance: Physical adaptation to a drug so that a person needs an increased amount in order to product the original effect