Theories
this theory of addiction is one of the most used today, it combines 3 large domains to explain the factors of addiction, each domain has its own subset of previously theorized models of addiction
what is biopsychosocial model of addiction?
cocaine blocks ______ in the synapse which leads to more binding and activation of dopamine and other neurotransmitters
what is reuptake?
an inherited vulnerability that increases the likelihood of an addiction
commonly used as a life-saving measure when someone is overdosing
what is naloxone or narcan?
Any substances that affect mental processes and behavior, thoughts, awareness, etc.
what is a psychoactive substance?
this model says that drug addiction is the fault of the individual, that they have personal weakness or lack the willpower to stop using
what is the moral model of addiction?
a substance that increases the action of a neurotransmitter without directly binding to a receptor
what is an indirect agonist?
this risk factor is one of the biggest predictors for later substance issues, especially if before the age of 15
this medicine blocks the elimination of acetaldehyde which then produces an aversive response that makes drinking alcohol uncomfortable
what is disulfiram (Antabuse)?
the four main types of drug administration for recreational users
what are intranasal, intravenous, ingestion, and inhalation?
the theory that addiction is a chronic disorder that alters brain chemistry
what is the disease model?
specialized receptors activated by noxious insults that are widely distributed in skin and deep tissues
what are nociceptors?
when an individual suffers from an addiction as well as another mental disorder
what is comorbidity?
a severe, potentially fatal, form of alcohol withdrawal. can include seziures and hallucinations
what is delirium tremens?
the 4 C's of addiction
what are compulsion, craving, consequence, and control?
this theory focuses on factors such as genetic vulnerabilities, neurotransmitter imbalances or neuroplasticity as the reasons someone becomes addicted
what is the biological theory of addiction?
a brain circuit that processes rewards and motivation; includes the VTA, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and more
what is the mesolimbic dopamine pathway?
those who experience these distressing or traumatic events while young have a higher likelihood of addiction. ex: abuse, neglect, household dysfunction
what are adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?
this syndrome results from a thiamine deficiency, most commonly caused by chronic alcohol abuse due to malnutrition and interference with the absorption of thiamine. Leads to severe neurological impairments including memory issues
what is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
A repetitive and invariant behavior pattern with no obvious goal or function
ex: skin picking
what are stereotyped behaviors?
what is the incentive sensitization theory?
this neurotransmitter and function is most associated with cannabis use
what are cannabinoid 1 receptors and downregulation?
this familial risk factor can increase your chance of developing an alcohol use disorder by 2-4x
what is an alcoholic parent?
helps to treat opioid dependency, a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist, reduces cravings and withdrawal but does not produce an intense euphoric effect
what is buprenorphine?
this drug modulates the effect of GABA-A receptors, opens the chloride channel more frequently to inhibit the neuron, but only when GABA is bound
what are benzodiazepines?