Terms
Psychology
The systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
One of the most famous psychologists who studies under the psychoanalytic approach. They focus on the unconscious mind, hidden impulses, and verbal slips.
Sigmund Freud
The four stages in Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
The 4 goals of Psychology
Description, explanation, prediction, and influence
The 4 types of parenting styles
Authoritarian, authoritative, laissez-faire/permissive, and uninvolved.
Egocentrism
The inability to see another's point of view. This characteristic is seen in Piaget's preoperational stage.
This behaviorist studied the relationship between reinforcement and learning with a special box they created.
B.F. Skinner "The Skinner Box"
Stage 1, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development.
Avoiding punishment
The historical approach to Psychology that argues that perception is more than the sum of its parts; it involves "a whole pattern."
Gestalt Psychology
The stage, according to Jean Piaget, where children are able to think abstractly and can deal with hypothetical situations.
Formal operational stage
Socialization
The process of learning the rules and behavior of culture within which an individual is born and will live
This humanist developed the well-known "Hierarchy of Needs."
Abraham Maslow
Children are in this age range during the latency stage, according to Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development.
6-puberty
A contemporary perspective to Psychology that studies the influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on behavior.
Sociocultural perspective
2 factors associated with child abuse
Stress (unemployment, poverty, etc.), a history of child abuse, acceptance of violence as an acceptable way of coping, lack of attachment to the child, substance abuse, or rigid attitudes about child rearing
Maturation
Automatic and sequential process of development that results from genetic signals. Example - you sit before you crawl, crawl before you stand...
This psychologist founded structuralism and the first lab in 1879.
Wilhelm Wundt
The 3 types of moral reasoning, according to Lawrence Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development.
Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional moral reasoning
The differences between a clinical and counseling psychologist
Clinical psychologists help patients with psychological disorders.
Counseling psychologists typically treat people with adjustment problems.
A predictor of higher self-esteem
Secure attachments, authoritative parenting, children who are close to their parents, unconditional positive regard
Assimilation
The process by which new information is placed into categories that already exist. An example of this would be knowing how to use a pacifier because of the sucking reflex used for a bottle.
William James
The question children ask themselves during the industry vs. inferiority stage, according to Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development.
Am I successful or worthless?
The differences between a school psychologist and educational psychologist
School psychologists help individual students at school sites; they place students in the correct classes and programs.
Educational psychologists focus more on course planning, testing, and instructional methods for the entire school system/district rather than for individual students.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, this is the stage where we make judgments based on maintaining social order and have a high regard for authority.
Conventional moral reasoning - Stage 4: Law and Order