Week 1
Pain
Pain
Week 2
Thermal
Thermal
Week 3
US
US
Week 4
Compression & Aquatic
Compression & Aquatic
Case Studies
100
What spinal cord tract do pain signals travel through to reach the brain?
Answer: Spinothalamic tract
Resource: Behrens pg 23 and Figure 2.6
100
Name 3 thermal agent modalities that can be integrated into a home program?
Answer: Paraffin, air activated heat wraps, cold packs, ice bath, ice massage, controlled cold units (cryo cuff)
Resource: Behrens pg 74-80
100
What type of energy does ultrasound treatment use to create it’s therapeutic effects within the body?
Answer: Sound waves
Resource: Behrens pg 98
100
Your patient’s blood pressure is 110/66 mmHg. What’s the maximum amount of pressure that can be used during pneumatic compression.?
Answer: 66 mmHg
Resource: Behrens pg 208
100
A therapist has 10 minutes left of their therapy session and the patient is reporting increased pain in their wrist extensors. Which cryotherapy agent would be the MOST appropriate to use in this scenario?
Answer: Ice massage
Resource: Behrens pg 79
200
Identify three physiological or environmental factors that stimulate the release of endogenous opioids in the body.
Answer: Release of endogenous opiates is stimulated by systemic pain, intense exercise, laughter, relaxation, meditation, acupuncture, and electrical stimulation
Resource: Behrens pg 22
200
According to the hunting response, what happens on a physiologic level with extended cryotherapy durations >20 minutes?
Answer: Vasodilation
Resource: Behrens pg 78
200
During therapeutic ultrasound, which tissues are likely to produce an unwanted pain response when overheated due to sound wave refraction along bony surfaces?
Answer: Periosteum
Resource: Behrens pg 102
200
With buoyancy cuffs around the wrist, what position does your patient need to be in to strengthen the anterior deltoid?
Answer: Prone
Resource: Behrens pg 139 & 142
200
An 88 year old patient has fallen multiple times in the last 6 months and is participating in aquatic therapy to improve his balance. What equipment can be used to help stabilize him during his first few sessions as he initiates his balance program?
Answer: Ankle weights
Resource: Behrens pg 139
300
What are specialized sensory receptors that detect and respond to a noxious stimulus?
Answer: Nociceptors
Resource: Behrens pg 13
300
What physiologic mechanism prevents heat accumulation during therapeutic heat modalities?
Answer: An increase in blood flow removes heat from the area, and blood that is relatively cooler from the circulatory system flows into the area.
Resource: Behrens pg 69
300
What type of tissue has the highest attenuation and absorption of?
Answer: Bone
Resource: Behrens pg 102
300
What type of hydrotherapy allows for full vertical decompression?
Answer: Aquatic pool
Resource: Behrens pg 137
300
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis came in late to her therapy session and would like to know if it’s possible to combine her thermotherapy and stretching at the same time so she dosen’t exclude one or the other. Which physical agent would be able to match her request?
Answer: Fluidotherapy
Resource: Behrens pg 75
400
Name 3 characteristics of chronic pain.
Answer: Lasts >3 months, lead to long term loss of function, not localized, benefit from a team approach
Resource: Behrens pg 15
400
Which heat modality does not lose heat throughout the treatment duration time?
Answer: Fluidotherapy
Resource: Behrens pg 75
400
What is the first phase of cavitation that causes the gas bubbles in the body to shrink?
Answer: Compression phase
Resource: Behrens pg 98
400
How are ankle weights utilized during aquatic therapy?
Answer: Stability (counteract buoyancy)
Resource: Behrens pg 139
400
Alex is 4 months pregnant with a history of Raynaud’s and jammed her finger into a wall yesterday. She has 7/10 pain and swelling to her 2nd and 3rd digit. What modality would be best for this patient? Include parameters.
Answer: Ultrasound: 20%, 3MHz, 0.5 W/cm2, 5-10 minutes in water bath, maintain 0.5-1 inch distance from fingers
Resource: Behrens pg 100
500
According to the gate control theory, which type of nerve fibers inhibit pain transmission at the level of the substantia gelatinosa in the spinal cord?
Answer: Large A-beta fibers
Resource: Behrens pg 15
500
Name 2 modalities that use convection as their method of heat transfer?
Answer: Fluidotherapy, cold bath (if water is moving), controlled cold compression unit, cryo cuff
Resource: Behrens pg 6
500
When using a 5cm transducer head and a treatment area of 5cm by 10 cm, how long would be the duration time?
Answer: (5 cm transducer head) x (2 times the ERA) = 10 minutes
Resource: Behrens pg 113
500
When manual resistance is applied by the therapist during Bad Ragaz aquatic therapy, what type of contraction is happening? (Consider open vs closed chain and concentric vs isometric vs eccentric)
Answer: concentric closed chain exercise
Resource: Behrens pg 148 and Table 6-6
500
A patient is recovering from a right tensor fasciae latae (TFL) strain and is in the chronic phase of recovery. The therapist is implementing strength training in the aquatic pool with buoyancy cuffs around his ankle. What position should the patient be in to strengthen his TFL?
Answer: Right side lying
Resource: Behrens pg 139