Neuro
Name 3 neurotransmitters?
acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin etc.
Describe a language disorder
An Impairment in comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other symbol system which may involve form content or use of language
What is aphasia?
An acquired language disorder of language
Without language
The manifestation of impaired dominant hemisphere language (left) and spared minor hemisphere language (right)
There can be other ways to describe aphasia.
Give 2 examples of fricatives
s, z, f, v, sh, zh, th
What is the difference between Aspiration and Penetration?
Penetration is something sitting at the vocal folds, It occurs above the vocal folds
Aspiration can lead to Pneumonia, it occurs below to vocal folds
Name 3 meninges of the brain and spinal cord
Dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid mater
What are the 5 components of language?
Phonology, syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics
Describe NON fluent aphasia vs. fluent aphasia
Non fluent Aphasia: Characterized by a language disturbance with disrupted, non- fluent output (0-5 words)
Fluent aphasia: Characterized by a language disturbance with relatively fluent speech output (9+ words)
Speech characteristics common for children with cleft lip and palate include
hypernasality and abnormal nasal airflow during speech.
Name the 6 cranial nerves involved in swallowing
Trigeminal V, Facial VII, Glossopharyngeal IX, Vagus X, Hypoglossal XII, Accessory nerve XI
What are the functions of Wernicke's area
Storage and retrieval of mental representations of words (word image center)
Knowledge of grammar and linguistic rules
Language comprehension
Monitors verbal output
Verbal Memory
What are some different types of derived scores?
Standard score, t scores, z score, stanine, percentile ranks, age equivalence
Name some symptoms of bacterial meningitis
Fever, chills, malaise, lethargy, stiff neck, photophobia, nuchal rigidity, severe headache
The four regions of the tongue body include:
tip, blade, front, and back.
Common etiologies of dysphagia?
Neurologic: Stroke & Cerebral Palsy
Structural: Head & Neck cancer, Traumatic Brain injury
Progressive neurologic disease: Parkinson’s, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, myopathies
Lateral ventricles → foramen of monroe → 3rd ventricle→ cerebral aqueduct → 4th ventricle → foramen of magenta & foramen of luscia → subarachnoid space
Describe the difference between receptive language and expressive language.
Receptive Language: (Comprehension)involves understanding what others say
Expressive Language: (Production) is sharing your thoughts, ideas, & feelings
What are the lesion sites for conduction Aphasia?
Lesion in arcuate fasciculus
Spared wernicke’s and brocas
May extend deep to supramarginal gyrus of insula
A bifid uvula can be a sign of a:
submucous cleft
Lips
Velum
Epiglottis
VF Adduc (close)
Jean had a stroke last year that left her impaired in several ways. Her biggest problem is that she is having difficulty with speaking and writing, unable to write more than a few words and having trouble moving the right side of her body. Which part of the brain is most likely to have been damaged?
left frontal lobe
Identify the steps to initiate and implement evidence based practice (EBP)
Frame your question
Gather evidence
Assess Evidence
Make your clinical decision
Which risk factor of Cerebrovascular attack is the most important and correctable?
Hypertension
A multidisciplinary team could be described as:
Professionals working independently within their own discipline-specific parameters.
Multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) are the mechanism for organizing and coordinating health and care services to meet the needs of individuals with complex care needs. The teams bring together the expertise and skills of different professionals to assess, plan and manage care jointly.
Can have multiple definitions.
Which of the following stage(s) of swallowing is NON-VOLITIONAL?
Pharyngeal and Esophageal