Things You Should Know
This means that there is no identifying information was ever collected from humans in the study.
What is anonymous?
This is a principle of ethics in which we should respect peoples' autonomy.
What is respect for persons?
This is when we use a pretest to check an operationalization question
What is construct validity?
What is quota sampling?
What is snowball sampling?
This is an outcome variable
What is the dependent Variable?
This is when the correlation between two variables is spurious if there exists a third variable that is actually the cause of the correlation.
What is a spurious variable?
This is when we do nothing that will definitely cause harm to respondents
These are answer categories that are equally spaced from one another and a real zero exists
What is a ratio variable?
What is cluster sampling?
This is a causal research question in which the effect being investigated is very specific.
What is an ideographic research question?
This fallacy is taking group level information and applying it to individuals.
What is the ecological fallacy?
This is an empirical association
What is a correlation?
This is related to causal validity. If you want to prove that one thing is the cause of something else, then the cause has to come before the effect
What is temporal order?
This is a statistic about the actual elements of the sample. No inference is involved.
What is a descriptive statistic?
This is a non-random sampling technique where people/units of analysis are included because of their varied perspectives.
What is purposive sampling?
This is a proposed cause in a cause-effect relationship.
What is the independent variable?
When a respondents personally identifying information has been collected and the researcher is keeping it safe.
What is confidential?
What is test-retest reliability?
This is when you are saying that a sample represents the population. You can only do this if you have a large random sample.
What is an inferential statistic?
This needs to be a causal question.
What is a nomothetic research question?
When we observe or gather data and then develop hypotheses about what's going on.
What is inductive research?
This is when a hypothesis comes first, then is checked using the data.
What is deductive research?
This sampling eliminates selection bias by getting a good sampling frame.
What is random sampling?
What is justice?