Basics of Respiration
The main muscle responsible for breathing which contracts to create negative pressure in the lungs
Diaphragm
This technique is used to open the airway in an unconscious patient without suspected spinal injury
head-tilt, chin lift
This skin color change happens when the patient is not getting adequate oxygen
Cyanosis
This common tool provides positive pressure ventilation in emergency settings
BVM
This muscle contracts to increase volume of the thoracic cavity creathing negative pressure of inhalation
diaphragm
This gas is inhaled during respiration and is essential for cellular function
oxygen
Jaw thrust
Breathing rate above 20/min
tachypnea
This is the prefered ventilation rate when providing artificial ventilation to an adult
10-12
The process by which air moves into the lungs due to lower pressure in the chest cavity compared to atmospheric pressure
inhalation or inspiration
the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in these small structures within the lungs
Alveoli
The piece of equipment provides high-concentration oxygen and prevents the patient from rebreathing exhaled air
NRB mask
This sound, heard during breathing may indicate an obstruction or narrowing of the upper aiway
stridor
When ventilation a patient with a BVM, this airway adjunct is often used to ensure a proper seal and ventilation
OPA
These muscles located between the ribs, assist in expanding the chest during inhalation
intercostal muscles
The phase of respiration when air is expelled from the lungs as muscles relax
exhalation
Tis device is inserted to maintain an open airway in an unconscious patient who cannot protect their own airway
OPA
A patient with difficulty breathing, commonly assessed by observing accessory muscle use and other visual clues
respiratory distress
The term for when air is forced into the stomach instead of the lungs during ventilation
Gastric inflation
This term describes the normal, unassisted breathing that relies on negative pressure
spontaneous respiration
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs with each normal breath
Two primary airway adjuncts used in prehospital care
OPAs and NPAs
chest rise and fall auscultating breath sounds
The advanced technique involves inserting a device into the trachea to provide controlled ventilation
Endotracheal intubation
The term for passive movement of air out of the lungs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
exhalation or expiration