Etiology
Decreased lung expansion and excessive airway secretions can cause:
What is Atelectasis?
Pulmonary capillaries become engorged and the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane increases.
Sudden onset of dyspnea with a recent history of trauma or event in the last 48 hours.
Mechanical ventilation with PEEP
How do you treat a flail chest?
Severe and worsening hypoxemia or alveolar hypoventilation can cause:
What is acute respiratory failure?
Direct compression from a heavy object or an MVA can cause:
What is a Flail Chest?
Paradoxical movement of the chest with a Pendulluft effect.
What is the anatomical alterations associated with Flail Chest?
Broken area of the lungs bulges out during expiration and sinks in during inspiration.
What is a clinical manifestions associated with Flail Chest?
Chest tube or needle aspiration
Penetrating chest wounds can cause:
What is a pneumothorax?
The number one reason for mechanical ventilation.
What is Acute Respiratory Failure?
Inadequate tidal volumes during mechanical ventilation and decreased ciliary transport.
What are two causes of atelectasis?
Blunting of the costophrenic angle or meniscus sign.
How does a pleural effusion manifest itself?
Incentive spirometry or bronchial hygiene.
What are two ways to treat atelectasis?
The Hct of this fluid needs to be > 50% in order to diagnose this.
What is a hemothorax?
Fluid from capillaries moves into the pleural space or can cause:
What is a Pleural Effusion
Lung collapse follwed by atelectasis and compression of the great vessels cause decreased cardiac return.
What are the anatomical alterations associated with a pneumothorax?
ARDSnet 6 mL/kg for tidal volume
How do you treat ARDS?
Production of adhesions between the visceral and parietal pleura.
What is pleurodesis?
What is Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
Fluid, whether it is blood, water, or chyle accumulates in the pleural space.
What anatomical alterations are seen in pleural effusions?
Flailed area of the chest bulges out during expiration and sinks in during inspiration.
Mechanical Ventilation
What is acute respiratory failure?
What is a thoracentesis?