Neuroglia
What are the two functions of neuroglia?
Neural tissue reaction to injury/infection
What layer is a single layer that phagocytizes sloughed discs from photoreceptors?
RPE
What layer contains cell bodies of: horizontal, amacrine, bipolar, interplexiform, muller, ganglion cells, and deep capillary network of retina?
Inner nuclear layer
What may prevent retinal exudates and hemorrhages from spreading to outer retinal layers?
Middle limiting membrane (outer plexiform layer)
Do more rods or cones synapse to a single ganglion cell?
Many rods, fewer cones
What cells span the entire thickness of retina, provide structure and support, fill in areas not taken up by neural cells, regulates conc. of K+ ions, maintains extracellular pH, metabolizes and stores glycogen?
Muller cells
What layer contains rod and cones outer and inner segments?
What layer contains synapse between: bipolars and ganglions, amacrines and bipolars, amacrines and ganglions, amacrines, and amacrine and interplexiform neurons
Inner plexiform layer
Hemorrhages in the inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer are clinically referred to as what?
Do rods or cones have larger receptive fields?
Rods
What cells are wandering phagocytic cells whose numbers increase in response to injury and inflammation?
Microglia
What layer is not a true membrane, acts as metabolic barrier for large molecules, and is made of ZA between photoreceptors and muller cells?
External limiting membrane
What layer is make of ganglion cell bodies, has a single cell thickness, and may contain some displaced amacrine cells?
Ganglion cell layer
2 cells thick at optic disc
8-10 cells thick at fovea
What is the cone to ganglion cell ratio in the fovea?
1:1
What cells are found in inner retina and surround nerve fibers and retinal capillaries?
Astrocytes
What layer contains rod and cone cell bodies?
Outer nuclear layer
What layer contains axons of ganglion cells and retinal blood vessels?
Nerve fiber layer
Hemorrhages in nerve fiber layer are called what?
Flame-shaped
What are rods most sensitive to?
Light and motion
What layer contains inner fibers of photoreceptors, synapses of inner nuclear layer cells, and is the middle limiting membrane?
Outer plexiform layer
Internal limiting membrane
Reflection off internal limiting membrane when looking at the retina?
Retinal sheen
What are cones most sensitive to?
Detail, shape, and contrast