Idioms
when you almost remember something but can’t quite say it; auf der Zunge liegen
to be on the tip of someone's tongue
of considerable size, value, or importance — erheblich
substantial
To give someone recommendations or guidance; beraten
to advise
(phrasal verb) to learn something informally
to pick up
What are the signal words for the present perfect?
JEANY
to sound familiar, but you can’t fully remember the details; klingeln / bekannt vorkommen
to ring a bell
producing good results; advantageous — vorteilhaft
beneficial
To put a plan or decision into action; umsetzen / durchführen
to implement
Two main differences in comma usage from German
1. No comma between main and secondary clause (except if secondary clause comes before main)
2. Main clauses are separated by commas
What are the uses of present continuous?
now, around now (temporary), arrangements for the future
to forget something you were supposed to remember; entfallen / vergessen
to slip one's mind
easily seen or understood; obvious — ersichtlich
evident
To carry out or organise an activity, study, or investigation; durchführen
to conduct
What are coordinating conjunctions? Which ones? Commas?
FANBOYS
What are the two uses of the present perfect continuous? Give examples.
1. Recent action (finished or unfinished), the results of which can be still perceived in the present (side effect) I am drenched in sweat; I have been doing sports.
2. Unfinished action that started in the past (duration) I have been writing emails all day.
when someone hears something but quickly forgets it; zum einen Ohr hinein, zum anderen hinaus
in one ear and out the other
causing harm or damage; adverse — schädlich
detrimental
To make something less severe, harmful, painful, or serious; mildern / abschwächen / lindern
to mitigate
To fall very quickly and suddenly; abstürzen / stark fallen
to plummet
What are the uses of the present perfect?
1. life experiences: I have been to NYC.
2. past actions relevant in the present: I have cut my finger.
3. actions/states that started in the past and still happening now: I have known him for 15 years.
To copy or follow someone’s example; sich ein Beispiel an jemandem nehmen
to take a leaf out of someone's book
so small or unimportant as to be easily disregarded — vernachlässigbar (pronounced correctly)
negligible
A person's or organization's past performance, achievements, or history of success; Erfolgsbilanz / Leistungsnachweis
track record
Name five features of formal (academic) register
- no contractions, no phrasal verbs/use single word verbs, use complex/compound sentences, nominalizations, avoid colloquial language, avoid punctuation indicating attitude, use hedges, avoid gendering, etc.
Tell a 1-2 sentence story using each one of the narrative tenses at least once.
I had been preparing (past perfect continuous) to go shopping all day. While I was walking (past continuous) to the store, I realized (simple past) that I had forgotten (past perfect simple) my money at home.