Energy Flow & Webs
Give an example of something that would be considered an abiotic factor.
Rocks, temperature, precipitation, latitude, etc. (anything non-living)
The only nutrient that does not have a reservoir in the atmosphere.
Phosphorus
The maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support.
Carrying capacity
Name a process that would lead to secondary succession.
Forest fire, deforestation, tornado, hurricane, flood, etc.
Carbon dioxide
Extinction of the ______________ of a community could lead to the extinction of other members of the community.
Name a process that is a part of the carbon-oxygen cycle.
Cellular respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, decay, combustion
Define a population.
A group of multiple individuals that all belong to the same species.
What is the pioneer species in the case of primary succession?
Lichen
What is the name of the process in which gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the sun? (keeps us "not too hot in the summer" and "not too cold in the winter")
Greenhouse gas effect
What is the first level of ecological organization that includes both abiotic and biotic factors?
Ecosystem
What types of organisms remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Autotrophs/producers
What is the name of the growth model that shows the effects of carrying capacity?
Logistic growth model
What adaptation might help an organism survive in a drought-prone environment?
. Thin leaves
. Deep root systems
. Short stems
. Bright flowers
Deep root systems
Invasive species
If the producers have 15,000 J of energy, how much will be available to the primary consumers?
1,500 J
Transpiration
Name a density-dependent limiting factor.
Predation, competition, disease, etc.
Name one difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession: starts with no soil (bare rock), lichens as pioneer species, starts after volcanic eruption or glaciers receding
Secondary: starts where there is soil left, starts after forest fire, hurricane, deforestation, tornado, flood, etc.
Top predators
If the secondary consumers in an ecosystem have 346 kcal of energy available to them, approximately how much was found in the autotroph level?
34,600 kcal
Name one way that nitrogen-fixation can take place.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plant roots, lightning, industrial fixation (making fertilizer)
As biodiversity of an ecosystem increases, what tends to happen to the sustainability of that ecosystem?
It increases
Name the primary cause of eutrophication in bodies of water.
Excessive nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus