1
Water freezing point and boiling points in (c) and (f)
C = 0, 100
F = 32, 212
almost every substance does this when it is cooled
contracts
substances that allow heat to move through them easily
conductors
stored energy
potential energy
heat transfer that occurs when there are no particles to carry the energy
radiation
caused extreme temperatures when the shuttle reentered the earth's atmosphere
friction
The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g or water 1c
calorie
heat transfer that occurs when particles bump into each other but do not change location
conduction
thermal expansion
the total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
thermal energy
Has a blanket of insulation and ammonia-filled pipes
ISS
Heat transfer that occurs when particles carry thermal energy as they move from one place to another
convection
what kind of insulation does the space shuttle use
ceramic tiles
the thermal energy of a substance is determined by these two factors
temperature and mass
the movement of particles
convection currents
Cooking on a stove top or eating a popsicle usually involves
conduction
How is potential energy different from kinetic energy
potential energy is the energy that an object or substance has because of its position or condition. Kinetic energy is the energy that an object or substance has because of it's motion
Spaces are put between sections of sidewalks and roads to provide for
thermal expansion
what has special gold paint, fluid filled tubes, aerogel, and heaters
Probes
Fossil fuels include ____, _____, and ______
coal, crude oil, and natural gases
When a warmer substance transfers heat to a cooler substance, the cooler substance ____ thermal energy and the warmer substance _____ thermal energy
gains, loses
what is the temperature of the exterior of a space shuttle when it returns to earth
3000F
These are caused by heated particles rising while cooler particles sink. Those particles get heated and rise while the ones at the top that have cooled off sink. The process continuously repeats.
convection currents
Heating a substance _____ thermal energy. The particles move _____ and farther apart, causing the substance to change states.
adds, faster