Astronomy
Scientists
Enlightenment Thinkers
More Enlightenment Stuff
A Few Other Things You Need To Know
100

He was the first astronomer to use a telescope and spent the last 9 years of his life under house arrest after coming into conflict with Catholic Church for his belief in heliocentrism

Galileo Galilei

100

He discovered the laws of motion, law of gravity, and calculus

Isaac Newton

100

This Enlightenment thinker was a strong advocate of freedom of speech and freedom of religion

Voltaire

100

This Enlightenment thinker advocated for the education of women

Mary Wollstonecraft

100

This French surgeon who used ointments to prevent infection

Ambroise Pare

200

This astronomer discovered the laws of planetary motion. These laws showed that planets move in ellipses rather than perfect circles

Johannes Kepler

200

He learned much about human anatomy by dissecting executed criminals

Andreas Vesalius

200

He believed that humans had three natural rights – life, liberty, and property – and were capable of self-government

John Locke

200

He wrote The Wealth of Nations which advocated a laissez-faire, or free market economy that the government would not intervene in

Adam Smith

200

English thinker who believed experimentation was the best way to gain new information

Francis Bacon

300

This Polish astronomer kicked off the Scientific Revolution with his discovery that the earth revolved around the sun

Nicolaus Copernicus

300

He invented the first vaccine

Edward Jenner

300

He believed that people were naturally wicked and needed a strong ruler to maintain order

Thomas Hobbes
300

This philosopher's idea of separation of powers appears in the American Constitution

Montesquieu

300

French philosopher who believed that everything should be doubted unless it could be proved by reason

Rene Descartes

400

This is the belief that the earth is at the center of the universe

Geocentrism

400

This Dutch scientist is considered the father of microbiology

Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek

400

This philosopher wanted to abolish the nobility and believed that humans must sacrifice some of their natural freedom for the sake of the collective good

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

400

This man wrote about the justice system and argued against unfair trials, torture, and the death penalty

Cesare Beccaria

400

This is the belief that the sun is the center of the solar system

Heliocentrism

500

This astronomer witnessed a supernova and kept meticulous records of planetary movement

Tycho Brahe

500

He is considered the father of modern chemistry

Robert Boyle

500

These were gatherings held by wealthy people to discuss Enlightenment ideas

Salons

500

This philosophy claims that God is real but does not get involved in human affairs

Deism

500

Name two core beliefs of the Enlightenment 

Reason, logic, progress, democracy, human rights, individualism

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