Be Human
What does Introduce Human Service mean?
Do not rely upon sanctions to bring about reduced reoffending.
What is the risk principle?
Risk can be accurately assessed by employing structured and validated assessment instruments and the intensity of the intervention should be matched to the assessed level of risk.
What does risk as a probability mean?
A method of estimating the likelihood or probability a person will commit a crime in the future based on aggregate data.
What is the General Personality and Cognitive Social Learning Theory?
This theory acknowledges that there are many pathways to crime for our clients and that there are central factors that are highly correlated with offending.
What is a meta-analysis?
A method of summarizing previous research by reviewing and combining results from multiple studies.
What are the elements of Effective Punishment?
1. Must be of maximum intensity
2. Must be immediate
3. Must be consistent
4. There must be no escape or reinforced alternatives
5. The balance of cost must outweigh the balance of benefit
6. Must be aversive to the individual
What is the need principle?
Interventions must target criminogenic needs to reduce recidivism.
What 3 tools assess for generalized re-offending?
SPRA, PRA, LSI-SK
What are the big 4 risk factors?
Criminal history, attitude, anti-social behavior/pattern and anti-social associates.
What does reliability mean?
When a tool is consistent amongst users.
Who does punishment work with?
Future oriented, non-impulsive individuals
Average to above average IQ
Minimal punishment history
Not a thrill-seeker or prone to boredom
What is the responsivity principle?
Adapting the style and the mode of service according to the unique characteristics of the client (strengths and barriers) and employing behavioural, social learning, cognitive behavioural and skill building strategies when providing services to clients speaks to this principle.
What is criminal risk assessment?
This determines the likelihood a client will commit a new offence and what can be done to decrease the likelihood of re-offending.
What is evidence-based practice?
Practice that is informed by the best available research.
What does validity mean?
When a tool is accurate, measuring what it is supposed to measure.
What are the reasons punishment does not work?
Suppresses Behaviour
Without a rewarding prosocial alternative what do you do differently?
Sanctions are general to the behaviour and not specific to what causes it, and thus fails to address criminogenic needs
Sanctions are insufficient to offset the immediacy, frequency, and sometimes magnitude of rewards
What does low risk mean?
Your client is provided a low intensity of services because they scored this on the assessment(s).
What is the LSI-SK?
The generalized risk assessment tool most appropriate to use youth clients (under 18).
If I hang out with people involved in crime and typically believe crime is okay and people have insurance and can just get it replaced, these risk factors are present. What risk factors is this an example of?
Peers and attitude
What is correlation in research?
Measures the strength of the relationship between two variables.
What is your role in the RNR model?
To provide evidence-based, targeted rehabilitative services (act as an agent of change)
What is specific responsivity?
This RNR principle guides your response when working with a client who has suicidal ideations and an intellectual disability.
Why does corrections use validated risk assessment tools?
In order to reduce re-offending by identifying criminogenic risk/need targets, correctly allocate resources and services, and provide fair treatment of individuals.
What are the 8 central risk factors?
peers, family, attitude, education/employment, substance use, leisure/recreation, anti-social behaviour/pattern and criminal history.
When someone engages in additional offending behaviour, the risk of future offending goes up - is an example of what type of correlation?
Positive correlation