Anatomy and Movement
What does the anatomical term distal mean?
A structure that is farther from the centre of the body/trunk or the site of attachment.
The radius is distal to the humerus.
What is impulse?
Impulse is a measure of the force applied over a specific time.
J = F × t
What is an affordance?
An opportunity for action provided by the environment.
A ski jumper leaves the ramp at 15° above the horizontal. What is their angle of release?
15° above the horizontal.
What happens to breathing rate as exercise intensity increases?
What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon?
What does Newton's Second Law describe?
It is the law of acceleration. For a constant mass, acceleration is proportional to and in the same direction as the unbalanced force applied.
Give one benefit of using a non-linear approach to pedagogy.
What force acts opposite to the direction of motion of a ski jumper and slows them down?
Drag force / air resistance.
What happens to tidal volume as exercise intensity increases?
Tidal volume increases, meaning the athlete takes deeper breaths and moves a greater volume of air per breath.
What is anthropometry, and how can it be used to improve sporting performance?
Anthropometry is the measurement of body segments and body proportions. These measurements can be used to identify physical characteristics that may provide advantages for performance in particular sports
A player kicks two balls of the same diameter. Ball A has a greater mass than Ball B. Which ball requires more force to achieve the same acceleration?
Ball A, because it has the greater mass and therefore requires a greater force to produce the same acceleration.
A teacher wants to make basketball easier for a beginner. Give three ways to modify the task.
What happens to the horizontal and vertical components of velocity when the angle of release is increased?
How does resting heart rate differ between a trained and untrained individual?
A trained individual generally has a lower resting heart rate than an untrained individual.
Explain how the ligaments and tendons around the knee joint contribute to successful movement during a jump.
Explain Newton's Third Law using a player kicking a ball.
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. When the player applies a force to the ball, the ball applies an equal and opposite force back onto the player.
A basketball player drives towards the basket but a defender blocks their path. The player sees a gap between the defender and sideline and changes direction. Explain the affordance.
The gap is an opportunity for action provided by the environment. The player perceives the gap as an opportunity to move into space and adapts their movement to exploit it.
Why doesn't a ski jumper necessarily achieve maximum horizontal distance using the theoretical projectile angle of 45°?
Because ski jumping is affected by air resistance and aerodynamic lift, and the landing height is below the release height. Therefore, the theoretical 45° angle does not necessarily apply.
How does cardiac output differ between trained and untrained individuals at rest?
A trained individual has a higher cardiac output than an untrained individual, according to the marking scheme.
What is the difference between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton?
Explain the difference between static friction and dynamic friction using a speed skater starting a sprint.
A 12-year-old beginner is learning basketball. Explain how using a non-linear approach could help their development.
A non-linear approach can encourage the student to explore different movement solutions, develop creative processes, become more adaptable within the game, and create greater connectivity between the student and teacher.
Explain how a speed skater's crouched position reduces air resistance.
The crouched position reduces the skater's frontal surface area, which reduces air resistance/drag. This allows the skater to move more efficiently and achieve higher speeds.
How does blood pressure respond differently during dynamic and static exercise?