Cells
What is cancer responsible for in terms of cells?
Uncontrolled cell division.
What are the four main types of tissue?
Connective, muscle, epithelial, and nervous
What is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
Osteoblasts: create osteocytes. Osteoclasts: bone resorption.
What are the two types of myofilaments that each myofibril is made of? Are they thick or thin?
Myosin (thick) and Actin (thin)
What is part of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
CNS: Brain and Spinal Cord. PNS: Nerves throughout the body (31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves).
What is the difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?
Endocytosis: Things entering the cell. Exocytosis: Secretion; things exiting the cell.
What is the difference between a ligament and tendon?
A ligament connects bone to bone and a tendon connects a bone to muscle.
What is red and yellow marrow responsible for?
Red marrow: produces blood. Yellow marrow: fat storage.
What is the sarcolemma?
It is the muscle fiber membrane.
What do myelin sheaths do?
They provide insulation around the axons.
What kind of diffusion uses proteins?
Facilitated diffusion.
What are the 5 main functions of Epithelial Tissue?
Protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, and senses.
Name all 5 parts of the bone.
Epiphysis, diaphysis, articular cartilage, periosteum, and medulla
What is the neuromuscular junction?
Where a nerve and a muscle fiber come together.
What do astrocytes do?
Connect blood vessels to neurons.
Why does Active Transport require ATP?
It requires ATP because the cell is moving something against a concentration gradient.
What is Epidermolysis Bullosa?
It is a connective tissue disorder.
Give an example of all diarthrotic joints (ball/socket, hinge, pivot, and saddle)
Shoulder/hip, elbow/knee, lower arm, and thumb
What is the sliding Filament Theory?
The theory of how muscle contracts as thin filaments slide past thick filaments. Note: It involves 5 different molecules and calcium ions.
What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters?
Excitatory: increase membrane permeability, increases chance for threshold to be achieved.
Inhibitory: decrease membrane permeability, decrease chance for threshold to be achieved.
Briefly summarize interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Interphase: Growth phase. Mitosis: Nuclear division. Cytokinesis: Cell splits into 2 daughter cells.
What part of the connective tissue matrix consumes debris and foreign objects?
Macrophages
In the bone matrix, what are the small chambers that osteocytes sit in?
Lacunae
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle and what is it responsible for?
It is a large muscle in the neck that is responsible for the rotation and flexion of the neck.
Describe the path of a nerve impulse in a neuron starting with the dendrite.
The dendrite receives information, passes the cell body to the axon and out the axon terminals.