Sleep-Wake Cycle
What are the two main types of sleep in the sleep-wake cycle?
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM).
What is one common cause of sleep deprivation?
Shift work, drugs, sleep environment, or stressors.
What is one way to improve sleep hygiene?
Managing electronic devices or maintaining consistent sleep patterns.
What is one effect of partial sleep deprivation on mood?
Increased irritability or mood swings.
What was the primary focus of the He et al. (2020) study?
The effect of restricting bedtime mobile phone use on sleep, arousal, mood, and working memory.
Name one characteristic of NREM 2 sleep
Reduced heart rate, muscle tension, or minimal eye movement.
Name one psychological effect of partial sleep deprivation.
Changes in mood, reduced attention, or slower reflex speed.
How does restricting bedtime mobile phone use help with sleep?
It reduces pre-sleep arousal and improves sleep quality.
What effect does sleep deprivation have on attention?
It decreases focus and concentration.
How was sleep quality measured in the He et al. study?
Through sleep diaries and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
During which stage of sleep do we experience the most vivid dreams?
REM sleep.
What is one physiological effect of chronic sleep deprivation?
Increased risk of heart disease, obesity, or insomnia.
What role does creating a healthy sleep environment play in sleep hygiene?
It helps improve the quality of sleep by minimizing disturbances.
How does chronic sleep deprivation affect anxiety levels?
It can increase anxiety.
What was one key finding from the He et al. study regarding working memory?
Restricting mobile phone use before bed improved working memory.
How many stages of NREM sleep are there?
Three
Which type of sleep deprivation is associated with heart disease and obesity?
Chronic sleep deprivation.
Which study looked at the effects of bedtime mobile phone use on sleep?
The He et al. (2020) study.
What is one long-term health consequence of chronic sleep deprivation?
Increased risk of heart disease.
What scale was used to measure pre-sleep arousal in the He et al. study?
The Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale.
What changes in sleep state happen during the REM phase?
Increased eye movement, faster heart rate, and muscle relaxation.
How does sleep deprivation affect reflex speed and vision?
It can slow reflexes and impair vision.
Consistent sleep patterns help to regulate which cycle?
The sleep-wake cycle.
How does sleep deprivation affect working memory?
It impairs working memory function.
How did the He et al. study show a link between mobile phone use and sleep quality?
It demonstrated that restricting phone use improved sleep duration and quality.