Key Terms
Mental Lexicon ; lexical access
The study rules of a sound system in a language is ______
Phonology
What are the phases of speech production and where does it take place?
Respiration (Respiratory system), phonation (Laryngeal system), and articulation (Supralaryngeal vocal tract)
State the 4 parameters of a vowel
high, mid, low
front, central, back
tense, lax
round, unrounded
T/F: The Velopharyngeal port closes during nasal sounds.
False. The velopharyngeal port is open for nasal sounds to happen. A lowered velum allows for air to resonate in the nasal cavity.
Morphemes are the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning
Sounds that are distinctive are _____ whereas sounds that are not are _____
Phonemes ; allophones
Air flow from lungs provides _____ source for speech production and vocal fold vibration provides ____ source for speech.
The pharynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity are _______ _____ to shape the sound.
Power ; sound ; resonating cavities
Define cognate pairs
Sounds that only differ in voicing
Explain the difference between broad and narrow transcription.
Broad transcription is when we transcribe using phonemes whereas narrow transcription are transcribed using allophones and diacritics
____ is the study of speech sounds both perception and production.
Phonetics
List 2 active and 2 passive articulators.
Active: tongue, lips, velum(soft palate), jaw, vocal folds
Passive: teeth, alveolar ridge, hard palate
An SLP would use diacritics to document _____ differences or _______.
speech
distortions
What phrase is this?
/faɪnəlz wik/
finals week
Monophthong is a pure vowel whereas a diphthong is a vowel produced with gradually changing quality
Explain the difference between phonetic and phonotactic inventories
Phonetic inventory is the sounds the child can produce
Phonotactic inventory is the syllable shape they are producing (e.g., CV, CVC)
The sonority principle states a syllable should _____ in sonority to a _____ and then ____.
rise
peak
falls
For central vowels, in stressed syllables use _____ and use _____ in unstressed syllables.
/ɝ/ /ʌ/
/ə/ /ɚ/
three & tree
place , manner
What is the difference between a phonemic diphthong and a non-phonemic diphthong? How many of each?
Phonemic diphthongs do not have a pure vowel that can be exchanged as an allophone. (3)
Non-phonemic diphthongs have a pure vowel counterpart that can be used as an allophone (2)
Define Phonological Processes
a systematic rule that the child overlays onto their phonological system that simplifies speech.
Which word does not have a coda in the last syllable?
tree
tape
lamp
burner
tree
burner
Nasal, stop, glides are acquired ______
Fricative and affricate are acquired _____
Consonant clusters are acquired _______
Most sounds and clusters are acquired by
Early
Late
Late
7 or 8 years old
Most phonological processes are gone by ___ with the exception of _____.
Intelligibility is good and basic articulatory mastery is complete by age ____.
age 3 with the exception of cluster reduction
5 years old