Acids, Bases, and Electrolytes
CO2
Nonelectrolyte
What is the vapor pressure deviation if the solute and solvent have similar intermolecular forces?
Negative
If 67.0 g of ethane (C2H6) is dissolved in 1000 g of water, what is the freezing point of water? (Kf = 1.86)
-4.15 oC
60.0 g of acetone (C3H6O) are dissolved in a liter of water. What is the molarity of the solution?
1.03 M
If blood is submerged in highly concentrated salt water, what happens to the blood? What is the solution called in relation to the blood?
The solution is hypertonic to the blood, and it causes the blood cells to shrink.
NH4NO3
Strong electrolyte
Who was the Vice President under the Nixon administration (second term)?
Gerald Ford
101 oC
If 25 grams of sodium chloride is dissolved in one kilogram of water, what is the mole fraction of the solute?
0.0076
If two liquids mix and the beaker gets colder, what will be the Raoult's law deviation?
It will be higher than expected.
Mg(OH)2
Weak base, weak electrolyte
Methanol (C3H7OH) is dissolved in water. Describe the Raoult's law deviation.
The deviation will be lower than expected because of the -OH group.
If a solution of decane (C10H22) and water is mixed, how would vapor pressure change? What would be the enthalpy change of the solution?
It would have a positive deviation. The enthalpy change would be positive, or endothermic.
In order to make 5 M acetic acid solution, how much water should be used to dilute a 12 M acetic acid solution?
What do colligative properties depend on?
CH3COOH
Weak acid, weak electrolyte
15 g of hexane (C6H14) is dissolved in 100 grams of decane (C10H22) at 90 oC. The vapor pressure of pure decane at 90 oC is 36.4 torr. What is the vapor pressure of solution?
29.17 torr
Name the trend for every colligative property with an increase in solute.
Boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure reduction, osmotic pressure increase.
In order to make 5 M acetic acid solution, how much water should be used to dilute a 12 M acetic acid solution?
0.58 L
Diethyl ether boils at 34.6 oC. Is this a volatile solute? Why?
Yes, since it vaporizes readily at low temperatures.
CH3NH2
Weak base, weak electrolyte
500 ml of 0.59 M HCl solution is diluted in 500 grams of water at 0oC. What is the vapor pressure of the solution in atmospheres? The vapor pressure of water at 0 oC is 4.6 torr.
6.0 * 10-3 atm
If 1 mole of barium hydroxide solution is dissolved in 2 liters of water at 0 oC, what is the osmotic pressure of the solution?
33.6 atm
You are looking to make a 5 M solution of sulfuric acid in a lab. What is the mass percent sulfuric acid?
0.33 % H2SO4
Why does increasing solute lower freezing point?