Cardiovascular
True or False: The left ventricle decreases in size in microgravity
False
How does residual volume in microgravity compare to in 1G?
It is decreased
How long do astronauts experience space motion sickness?
3-5 days
2 Hours
What is hemolysis?
Destruction of red blood cells
How long does it take measurements of vital capacity, forced vital capacity, and maximal expiratory flow-volume to return to pre-flight values once in a microgravity environment?
4 days
What sign/symptom of motion sickness does not occur in space?
Pallor
What is the rate of bone mineral density loss in microgravity?
1-2% per month
What happens with an individuals plasma volume while in a microgravity environment?
A decrease in plasma volume
~28%
What is the Greek word for ear stones?
Otolith
What muscle loses the largest amount of volume after 17 days in space, according to LeBlanc et al., 2000?
Gastrocnemius
What are the two main reasons for why hemoglobin levels decrease?
A halt in the RBC pathway and hemolysis.
List 2 sources of gravity-independent heterogeneity that maintain similar levels of pre-flight gas exchange efficiency in a microgravity environment.
Possible answers:
1) airway branching asymmetry
2) regional compliance differences
3) vascular asymmetry
4) hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
What areas of the nervous system are enlarged during space flight?
Grey matter and ventricles (bonus points for optic nerve or disc swelling)
Increase in FOXO transcription factor
OR
Decrease in mTORC1 protein complex