Spinal Column

General Anatomy

100

The spinal column consists of ____ articulating vertebrae and ____ non-moveable vertebrae

24;9

200

The _____ region is the most superior region of the spine

Cervical

300

To convex is to ___________, while to concave is to __________. 

Curve outward; Curve inward

400

The __________ articulation is formed by occipital condyles of the skull sitting atlas vertebrae. 

Atlanto-occipital

500

The 5 maint ligaments reinforcing the joints of the vertebral arches include: 

Ligamentum Flavum; Interspinous; Supraspinous; Intertransverse; Ligamentum Nuchae

Muscles and Movement (A)

100

The hyoid muscles are responsible for ______.

Cervical flexion

200

The rectus abdominus when bilaterally activated results in _________. 

Flexion of the thoracic and lumbar spine

300

The scalene muscles include:

Scalenus anterior; scalenus posterior; scalenus medius

400

Bilateral activation of the internal obliques results in _____, while unilateral activation results in ______.

Flexion of thoracic and lumbar spine; lateral flexion and rotation of spine to same side

500

The 3 regions of the erector spinae muscles include:

Spinalis; Longissimus; Iliocostalis

Muscles and Movement (B)

100

The largest muscle group within the spinal column

Erector spinae

200

The splenius capitis and cervicis are _____ muscles of the _____ region. 

Posterior; cervical

300

Unilateral activation of the deep posterior muscles results in ________.

Spinal rotation to the opposite side and slight lateral flexion

400

Bilateral activation of the _______ stabilizes the pelvis and lumbar spine. 

Quadratus lumborum

500

These posterior muscles when bilaterally activated are responsible for the extension and hyperextension of the thoracic and cervical spine:

Semispinalis thoracis; semispinalis cervicis; semispinalis capitis

Movements of Head/Spine

100

Forward-downward bending in the sagittal plane about a bilateral axis.

Flexion

200

This movement occurs most freely in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine

Extension

300

This movement is most free at the top of the spine and least free at the bottom of the spine.

Rotation

400

The Atlanto-Occipital articulation is responsible for these movements:

Flexion, extension, slight lateral flexion

500

The anterior longitudinal ligament limits _____, while the posterior longitudinal ligament limits ______. 

Extension; flexion