Cryotherapy
Name 2 physiological responses that occur in response to cryotherapy
At what temperature will tissue damage start?
above 113 degrees
Name 2 conditions phonophoresis can be used for
Inflammatory conditions
Pain
Trigger points
What does duration mean and what are the numbers associated with t?
Duration= time, usually not more than 10 minutes
Why is it important to move the transducer head at all times
To reduce the risk of burning
What is the difference between conduction vs. convention?
What is the range of tissue temperature required to achieve desired physiological reactions with thermotherapy?
Explain how phonophoresis works
◦Soundwaves cause cavitation, which opens pores in the skin so that the medication is absorbed subcutaneously
What does duty cycle mean/do and what are the numbers associated with it?
Duty Cycle=on/off time (primary way of determining thermal vs. nonthermal)
100%, 50%, 20%, 10%
Name 2 contraindications for using ultrasound
Possible cancer
Hemorrhage
Active bleeding
Infection
Over the eye balls and spine
Metal
Acute inflammation
Which form of energy transfer is unable to cool subcutaneous tissues?
Evaporation
Identify 2 effects thermotherapy can have on connective tissues
Name 2 types of medications used in phonophoresis
Hydrocortisone
Dexamethasone
Diclofenac
Myoflex
Lidocaine
Benzydamine
What does intensity mean/do and what are the numbers associated with it?
Intensity= strength W.cm2 (.02-2.0)
Most important in determining tissue response
Name the steps to properly use the ultrasound machine
◦Apply water-based gel to treatment area
◦Have towels handy
◦To heat or not to heat? (pages 100 and 101 in book)
◦Turn on machine and hold transducer in your palm or away from the skin
◦Adjust frequency, duty cycle, and intensity
◦Adjust timer for desired duration
◦Place transducer on client BEFORE starting machine
◦Keep transducer moving AT ALL TIMES
Name 2 signs of hypersensitivity to cold?
True or False: Moist heat penetrates deeper than dry heat. Justify your answer.
What intensity is commonly used in phonophoresis and why?
1.5 W/cm2
What does frequency mean and what are the numbers associated with it?
Frequencies= depth, 1 MHz or 3 MHz
What is the appropriate treatment area when using ultrasound
◦not larger than 4x the ERA (◦Effective Radiating Are: part of the transducer that produces sound waves)
Identify the three main physiological changes that occur after cryotherapy
Name 3 contraindications for using thermotherapy
lack of intact thermal sensation
vascular insufficiency or vascular disease
recent hemorrhage or potential hemorrhage
acute inflammation
infected areas
open wounds
situation deemed unreliable by the practitioner
What are 2 contraindications for using phonophoresis
◦All that apply to ultrasound
◦Allergies to intended medications
◦Monitor reaction carefully after initial treatment and stop if any negative response
◦Ensure that there is a specific prescription from the treating physician prior to use
How can you describe ultrasound?
Uses high-frequency mechanical waves using acoustic energy
The sound waves exert their mechanical action by pressing the initially vibrating molecules into adjacent molecules, which in turn causes them to vibrate
There is poor transmission of US through air, which is why gel is required
What are all the parameters you should use for chronic shoulder pain
1.10 minutes
2.3-5x/week
3.1 MHz
4.Continuous (100%) at 1.0 W/cm2
5.For 3-4 weeks