Different Cases
primary case
what is the first disease case in the population
direct transmission
what is the uninterrupted and immediate transfer of an infectious agent from one person to another
Active carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a disease-causing organism (pathogen) and who has done so for some time, even though the person may have recovered from the disease
primary prevention
what is preventing a disease or disorder before it happens
fomite
what is an object such as a piece of clothing, a door handle, or a utensil that can harbor an infectious agent and is capable of being a means of transmission
secondary case
A person who becomes infected and ill after a disease has been introduced into a population and who is infected as a result of contact with the primary case
indirect transmission
what is when an agent is transferred or carried by some intermediate item, organism, means, or process to a host, resulting in disease
Healthy or passive carriers
what is an individual exposed to and harbors a pathogen but has not become ill or shown any of the symptoms of the disease
secondary prevention
what is aims to block the progression of disease or prevent an injury from developing into an impairment or disability
vector
what is invertebrate animal that transmits infection by conveying the infectious agent from one host to another
suspect case
what is has all the signs and symptoms of a disease or condition but has not been diagnosed as having the disease
vector-borne transmission
what is does not cause the disease itself but is responsible for transmitting the pathogen to a host
Convalescent carrier
what is an individual who harbors a pathogen and who, although in the recovery phase of the course of the disease, is still infectious
tertiary prevention
what is r block the progression of a disability, condition, or disorder to keep it from advancing and requiring excessive care
reservoir
what is the habitat in or on which an infectious agent lives, grows, and multiplies, and on which it depends for its survival in nature
case severity
what is found by looking at several variables that are effective measures of it
vehicle-borne transmission
what is when a pathogen such as cholera or shigellosis is carried in drinking water, swimming pools, streams, or lakes used for swimming.
Incubatory carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen, is in the beginning stages of the disease, is displaying symptoms, and has the ability to transmit the disease
passive primary prevention
what is does not require behavior change the part of the individual
zoonosis
what is an infectious organism in vertebrate animals that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact, a fomite, or a vector.
case definition
what is that cases are consistently diagnosed, regardless of where or when they were identified and who diagnosed the case
airborne transmission
what is when droplets or dust particles carry the pathogen to the host and cause infection
Intermittent carrier
what is an individual who has been exposed to and harbors a pathogen and who can spread the disease in different places or at different intervals
active primary prevention
requires behavior changes in the individual
vehicle
what is a nonliving intermediary such as a clothing, food, or water that conveys the infectious agent from its reservoir to a susceptible host.