what are the functions of the cardiovascular system
1. transport O2 & nutrients to tissues
2. remove waste
3. regulate body temp
ventricles
what is the pacemaker of the heart, ~ how many bpm?
sinoatrial node, ~75 bpm
what is systole? diastole?
1. systole - heart contraction
2. diastole - heart relaxation
these are the most numerous WBCs, they are very phagocytic
neutrophils
what are the four chambers of the heart called
1. tricuspid valve/right atrioventricular valve
2. bicuspid/left atrioventricular valve/mitral valve
3. pulmonary semilunar valve
4. aortic semilunar valve
this side of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circuit
left side
what is the sequence of the intrinsic conduction system
1. sinoatrial node
2. atrioventricular node
3. atrioventricular bundle
4. right and left bundle branches
5. subendocardial conduction network (purkinje fibers)
what is the equation for stroke volume
SV = EDV - ESV
T/F - steroid hormones are stored in cells
F - they are rapidly synthesized when needed
what are the three layers of the heart wall?
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
1. superior vena cava
2. inferior cena cava
3. coronary sinus
ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
what occurs during the ventricle systolic phase of the cardiac cycle
Ventricular systole is the 2nd stage of the cardiac cycle
a. isovolumentric contraction
b. ventricular ejection
ADH is inhibited by this
alcohol
what allows for one way blood flow in veins
venous valves
which curiums is short & low pressure, which encounters resistance
1. pulmonary circuit
2. systemic circuit
what is the delay of the AV node, relative to the SA node; ~ how many bpm
delay of ~0.1 sec; 50 bpm in the absence of SA node input
during what phase is the 1st heart sound? the 2nd?
1. isovolumetric contraction (part of ventricular systole)
2. isovolumetric relaxation (early diastole)
this endocrine gland shrinks with age
thymus
describe the pulmonary circuit? the systemic circuit?
1. pulmonary circuit (heart & lungs); pumps blood from RV --> lungs via pulmonary arteries; returns oxygenated blood to LA via pulmonary veins
2. systemic circuit (heart & tissues); pumps oxygenated blood from LV --> body via aorta; returns deoxygenated blood to RA via vena cava
to provide functional blood supply to heart muscle
this ECG reading shows absent P waves and a heart beat of 40-60 bpm
junctional rhythm
what is the end diastolic volume (EDV)
volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole
this stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)