Purpose
What is the target population of the cycles approach?
Preschool-aged children with severe speech sound disorders/phonological processes
What does it mean for children to be actively involved in their treatment?
The child needs to have some stake in the treatment/enjoy it. Clinicians should choose play production activities (e.g. bowling)
What are you looking for when evaluating a child's phonological system?
strengths/weaknesses
severity level
stimulability of sounds
obtain baseline measures & direct intervention plans
Is the cycles approach validated by strong empirical evidence?
NO
True or False: In the cycles approach, targets are mastered one at a time before moving onto the next
True or False: Children with normal hearing typically acquire the adult sound system by listening
True
1. Goldman Fristoe Test of Articulation (GFTA-3)
2. Hodson Assessment of Phonological Patterns (HAPP-3)
3. Percentage of consonants correct (PCC)
What are some limitations of the literature?
1. small sample size
2. modified cycles approach
3. short treatment cycles
4. varied outcomes
5. outcome measures?
What is the goal of the cycles approach?
a) master individual phonemes
b) system-wide change of the phonological system
c) support academic vocabulary
d) to waste time
b) system wide change of the phonological system
True or False: A clinician should select “cat” as a target for a child who demonstrates velar fronting due to alveolar assimilation effects.
FALSE
Clinicians should choose words in which the only potential error is the target!
True or False: It is not necessary to target every deficient sound
TRUE
What are some strengths of the cycles approach?
1. adaptable & easily replicated
2. helps children become intelligible by "critical age"
3. widely used in clinical practice
How do you choose targets within a child's ZPD?
1. phoneme identity
2. phoneme blending
3. phoneme segmentation
4. phoneme manipulation
What are 3 components that go into a treatment session?
1. auditory stimulation/bombardment
2. production practice
3. probe for stimulability
4. metaphonological activities
5. auditory stimulation/bombardment (again)
6. home programming
1. larger sample sizes
2. don't use modification of design
3. consider outcome measures
4. randomized control trial