Genetic Testing
Genetic Research
Jewish
Abbreviations
Family
100
What are actionable genes?
If there is therapy to improve life and reduce symptoms caused by pathogenic mutations (variants) in a gene, that gene is actionable.
100
What is the central dogma?
DNA in a gene is transcribed into mRNA that is then translated into a protein.
100
Jews are divided into three groups (descendants of tribes). What are their names and ancient roles.
Kohen--priests
Levi-- served in the temple
Israelites- everyone else, the common people
100
What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
100
What was one of the things Norman repeatedly told his daughter (the author?)
Do your best and leave the rest.
OR
Aim to be satisfied.
200
How is the chance of a gene causing illness categorized when it is sequenced?
Benign, likely benign, of uncertain significance, likely pathogenic, pathogenic
200
What is an exon?
The DNA sequence in a gene that codes for a protein.
200
What is a mitzvah? Give an example.
A commandment from God to be followed e.g. honor your parents
200
What does rRNA stand for?
Ribosomal RNA
200
What did the author's sister Diane tell the parents of her students?
Celebrate your child.
300
What did it cost the first time all of someone's genes were sequenced? About what does this cost now?
It first cost a billion dollars. Now can be done for about $500.00
300
What are introns?
DNA sequences inserted into genes that need to be spliced out before the mRNA can be translated into the protein.
300
What is an afikomen?
Piece of matzah hidden and ransomed by children during the Passover seder. It is broken and shared with everyone at the table as the final dessert at the end of the festive Passover meal.
300
What does DCM stand for?
dilated cardiomyopathy
300
Who liked to say, "This too will pass."
The author's mother Cyrilla
400
What is the difference between genetic testing and genetic screening?
Genetic testing is in response to family history or a disease or symptom in patient likely to be caused by a gene mutation (pathogenic variant.)
Genetic Screening is done without above causes to catch unknown mutations.
400
Why is yeast a better model to use to study human disease than bacteria?
Yeast cells have a nucleus just like human cells, but bacteria don't have a nucleus.
400
What was the 1949 Operation Magic Carpet (also called On Wings of Eagles)?
Israel airlifted 45,000 Yemenite Jews to Israel.
400
What does ACMG stand for?
American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics
400
Who is the child in this picture and how did he die? 
The author's uncle Eugene who died of heart failure.
500
What is cascade genetic testing?
Testing relatives for a patient's mutation and if they have the mutation testing their relatives until no more people with the mutation are found.
500
What are founder mutations?
Founder mutations begin when persons with a rare mutation in an isolated community survives by chance when the size of community is dramatically reduced. Then subsequent intermarriage within the isolated group results in a larger fraction of the community descendants having the mutation.
500
What does the term kosher refer to? Give a few examples.
Kosher refers to laws about what you are allowed to eat. Eating meat from pigs and shellfish are not allowed. Also, you can't eat a mixture of meat and dairy together.
500
What does GINA stand for?
Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act
500
Who are the kids in this picture? 
1964 Westinghouse Science Talent search finalists on the capitol steps in Washington DC.