Lab Values
What is the normal lab value for aPTT?
What is the therapeutic lab value for aPTT?
40 seconds
60-80 seconds (1.5-2x the baseline)
1% of patients lose consciousness when they take the first dose of this blood pressure med.
Bonus: What category does it belong to?
What is prazosin?
Adernergic antagonist
36 hours because of the risk of angioedema
Drug of choice for DVT.
Enoxaprin (Low molecular weight heparin)
If a patient has received heparin and their platelet count comes back as <100,000 then they have most likely developed this SE.
Bonus: What does that mean for the patient?
HIT (heparin induced thrombocytopenia)
They should never be on heparin again because their body has developed antibodies.
What is the normal lab value for PT?
What is the therapeutic lab falue for PT?
12 seconds
12-24 seconds (1-2x the baseline)
This class of drug blocks the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2, leading to vasodilation and decreased fluid volume.
What is it's prototype?
What are ACE Inhibitors?
lisonopril
A provider prescribes Carvedilol for a patient with heart failure, and a new diagnosis of COPD. What is the concern?
Heparin can be given by these two routes?
Sub Q and IV
Which drugs on this exam have a SE of orthostatic hypotension?
Nitroglycerin
CCB’s
Direct Vasodilator’s (hydralazine, isosorbidedinitrate)
RAAS drugs
Alpha/Beta Blockers (Caredilol)
BB
Prazosin (alpha antagonist)
Lasix (furosemide)
What is the therapeutic level for an INR (internalized ratio?
Is INR or PT a more accurate lab value?
2.0- 3.0
INR
This class of drug blocks receptors for angiontensin 2 after it is formed and is a potent vasodilator.
What is it's prototype?
What are ARB's?
Valsartan
What lab value increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?
Low potassium
The antidote for this drug is idarucizumab.
Which drugs on this exam have a SE of reflex tachycardia?
Hydralazine (RT)
Prazosin (RT)
Nifedipine (RT)
Diltiazem (RT)
Isosorbide dinatrate
What is the therapeutic range for digoxin?
0.5 - 0.8ng/ml
Which hypertension medications work directly on the heart?
Cardio selective beta blockers (metropolol), Alpha/Beta blockers (carvedilol), Non-Dihydropyridine CCB's (verapamil and diltiazem)
What is the typical heart failure recipe?
ACE or ARB or ARNi
BB
Diuretic (HCTZ or furosemide)
This class of drug is most effective for preventing arterial thrombi.
Anti platelet agents
What is the SE of clonidine if it is stopped cold turkey?
Rebound hypertension
What is the most accurate lab value for Heparin, and what are it's therapeutic levels?
Anti-factor Xa
0.3-0.7 IU/ml
What are the 3 categories of diuretics, their prototypes, and where do they work in the kidneys?
Loop (furosemide) - Loop of Henle
Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazice) - Distal tubule
K Sparing (spironolactone) - Distal tubule
What is the concern if a patient on nitroglycerin is also taking sildenafil, tadafil or vardenafil?
Life threatening hypotension and cardiovascular collapse!
What is the time frame for administering alteplase (tPa) for someone who has had an MI?
A CVA?
CVA: 3 hours
Which drug has a SE of lupus like symptoms?