Beginnings of Industry
Inventions & Innovators
Life in the Cities
Workers& Reform
Economic Systems
100

What country did the Industrial Revolution begin in?

England (Great Britain)

100

Who improved the steam engine, making it more efficient?

James Watt

100

What word means people moving from the countryside to cities?

Urbanization

100

What groups did workers form to demand better pay and hours?

Labor unions

100

What is an economy based on private ownership called?

Capitalism

200

What industry was the first to industrialize?

Textile Industry (Cloth)

200

What invention by Eli Whitney increased cotton production?

Cotton gin

200

What kind of housing did poor factory workers live in?

Tenements

200

What is “collective bargaining”?

When workers negotiate together for better conditions

200

Who believed competition and hard work would benefit everyone in society?

Adam Smith

300

What natural resource powered machines and trains?

Coal
300

What innovation used steam power to transport goods and people faster?

Steam locomotive

300

What problems did industrial cities face?

Overcrowding, pollution, and disease

300

What reform helped stop child labor and improve factory safety?

Factory reforms and new labor laws

300

What system wanted government control over business and shared wealth?

Socialism

400

What movement forced farmers off land and into cities?

Enclosure Movement

400

What invention allowed workers to spin thread faster at home or in workshops?

Spinning Wheel (mechanized spinning)

400

Why were working conditions often unsafe?

Long hours, poor ventilation, and dangerous machines

400

What movement called for equal rights and fair treatment for workers?

Workers’ rights movement

400

What economic problem grew as factory owners gained wealth but workers stayed poor?

Unequal distribution of wealth

500

What was one major transportation improvement during this time?

Canals or railroads

500

How did new machines change production?

Goods were made faster, cheaper, and in larger quantities

500

Why did factory towns grow quickly near rivers or coal mines?

They provided energy and resources for factories

500

What changes improved city life during the Industrial Revolution?

Sanitation systems, clean water, and public health reforms

500

What new idea led workers to question unfair treatment and demand equality?

Socialism or labor reform ideas

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