Algae
Bryophytes
Seedless Vascular Plants
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
100

Although algae live in aquatic habitats and benefit from wave action, some of their gametes have this structure to swim. 

What are flagella?

100

The portion of the lifecycle that is dominant

What is the gametophyte?

100

This is still required for reproduction in seedless vascular plants.

What is water?

100

The dominant mode of pollination in gymnosperms.

What is wind?

100

The dominant mode of pollination in Angiosperms.

What is animal or mobile?

200

Algae exhibit three lifecycle types. 

What are: sporic, gametic, zygotic?


200

This chemically inert polymer, which protects spores and pollen in all land plants, first evolved in bryophytes.

What is sporopollenin?

200

In ferns, this portion of the lifecycle is reduced but free-living

What is the gametophyte?

200
These bundles of modified leaves are a defining characteristic of the genus Pinus.

What are fascicles?

200

Flowers are generally made up of these four whorls.

What are sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.

300

Some algae exhibit two gametes that differ in that one gamete is larger and the other is smaller and flagellated.

What is oogamous?


300

Prior to the evolution of Bryophytes these protective cells in the antheridia did not exist.

What is the sterile jacket?

300

These two types of leaves, which first evolved in the seedless vascular plants, are defined by their venation how they attach to the stele.

What are microphylls and megaphylls?

300

The transition to this type of -spory (spore morphology) was an important precursor to the evolution of the seed

What is heterospory?

300

The evolution of this structure is a major reason for the global dominance of the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

What is the capitulum?


400

What is the term for the phenomenon in algae where the two alternating generations, the sporophyte and the gametophyte, have similar or nearly identical appearances?

What is isomorphic generations?

400

This phylum of bryophytes is the only group of land plants that does not have true stomata.

What is Marchantiophyta (Liverworts)?

400

Heterospory is a synapomorphy for these two groups.

What are Isoetes and Selaginella?

400

This structure, which first evolved in gymnosperms, is a highly reduced microgametophyte made up of only a few cells.

What is pollen? 

400

This unique process results in a triploid (3n) endosperm and a diploid (2n) zygote.

What is double fertilization?


500

This type of algal reproduction strategy is independent of water and movement of gametes.

What is asexual reproduction?

500

These water- and nutrient- conducting cells, found in true mosses, lack lignin found in the vascular tissues of angiosperms and gymnosperms.

What are hydroids and leptoids (hadrom and leptom)?

500

Derived from multiple surface initials, the resulting sporangium walls are >2cells thick, and protect the spores from damage while retaining moisture.

What is eusporangia? 

500

This divides to produce the archegonia and nutritive tissue for the eventual embryo. 

What is the megagametophyte?

500

In botany, the term "placentation" describes the orientation of these structures, which house the megagametophytes, within the ovary.

What are ovules?

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