Gardner
What did Gardner believe about intelligence?
Intelligence is made up of multiple independent intelligences rather than one general ability.
What was Piaget's theory?
Cognitive development (in stages)
What did Vygotsky say?
Learning occurs through social interaction and cultural influence.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning through rewards and consequences
What is naturalistic observation?
Observing behavior in a normal environment without interfering.
Name some of Gardner’s intelligences.
Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal.
What are Piaget's 4 stages
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
The difference between what a learner can do alone and with help.
What is reinforcement?
A consequence that increases a behavior.
What is structured observation?
Observation that takes place in a planned or controlled setting.
Why is Gardner’s theory important in education?
It encourages teachers to recognize and support different student strengths and learning styles.
What happens during the formal operational stage?
Individuals develop the ability to think abstractly, reason logically, and solve hypothetical problems.
What is scaffolding?
Temporary support provided by a teacher or more knowledgeable person to help a learner complete a task.
What is the difference between reinforcement and punishment?
Reinforcement increases a behavior, while punishment decreases a behavior.
What are anecdotal records?
Brief written notes describing important behaviors or events.
What are running records?
Detailed, continuous notes taken during an observation period.