Grammar
reading
Writing
Listening
Speaking
100
Grammar helps us to combine, organise and change parts of words, whole words and groups of words to make meaning.
What is for?
100
Reading is a receptive (=receive) skill. This means you don’t produce a text but respond to it. Reading is also one of the four language skills.
What kind of skill is reading?
100
This means you don’t receive language but you produce it. Writing in also one of the four language skills.
Why is Writing is a productive (=produce) skill.
100
Listening is a receptive (=receive) skill. This means you don’t produce language but respond to it. Listening is also one of the four language skills.
What kind of skill is listening?
100
Speaking is a productive (=produce) skill. This means you don’t receive language but you produce it. Speaking is also one of the four language skills.
What kind of skill is speaking?
200
How words are made up and presented in speech or writing. i.e.: change a words meaning by putting affixes
What is Grammar Forms?
200
To be able to do this you need to: understand the language at the level of the words, the sentences and the whole text. You also need knowledge of the world to be able to make assumptions when the text isn’t clear
What do you need to make sense out of written text.
200
Each type has a different degree of formality, different layout, different levels of complexity of grammar, register and vocabulary.
What are different text types?
200
understanding different speeds of speech, understanding different accents, understanding spoken language, making sense of the meaningful sounds of a language, making sense of connected speech, using inappropriate listening sub skills, making use of context, making use of language, making use of our knowledge of the world.
What does Listening involve?
200
• Pronounce words • Use intonation • Monitor and correct ourselves • Answer questions • Greet people • Use an appropriate register • Ask for/give information • Use word and sentence stress • Paraphrase • Hesitate • Interrupt
What are things we do when we speak?
300
How grammatical structures are used to communicate meaning. Many grammatical forms have more than one use!
What are grammaruses?
300
reading for specific information
What is scanning
300
spelling, forming letters, layout, vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, paragraphing… Communicating: style and register, organise ideas, appropriate features and appropriate functions (= narrating, complaining, requesting…)
What are writing sub skills?
300
1• Conversation 2• Instructions
Which are the two different text types in spoken language?
300
• Making use of grammar, vocabulary, functions, register • Using features of connected speech • Using body language • Using interactive strategies (=ways of keeping people interested) • Oral fluency (=little hesitation/repetition/self-correction)
What are speaking sub skills?
400
Grammar rules describe the way a language works, they are not fixed though, because language changes over time. Teachers need to keep up to date with these changes.
What are grammarrules?
400
reading for global understanding
What is Skimming (reading for gist)
400
1. Getting ideas 2. Planning/organising ideas 3. Writing the first draft (=first version) 4. Editing the content of the text 5. Proofreading 6. Re-drafting (=writing the final version)
What are are different stages of writing
400
• Listen for gist/global understanding • Specific information • Detail • Infer attitude • Listening extensively • Listen intensively
What are Listening sub skills?
400
• Taking part in conversations • Discussions • Telephone calls • Giving presentations • Telling stories
Which text types are involved in speaking skills?
500
Communication is the main purpose of language. Teach your students how to use the grammar they have learned
What is the main purpose of grammarlearning?
500
intensive reading; getting the meaning out of every word
What is Reading for detail
500
Copying • Gap-filling • Sentence transformation exercises • Dividing texts into paragraphs • Putting punctuation into an unpunctuated text • Correct errors in texts
What are Helpful activities to learn how to write?
500
Key concepts and the language-teaching classroom • Give learners the opportunity to listen to many sources of spoken language: teacher, visitors, CD, DVD… • Listening to recordings is more difficult than live-speakers because you don’t have the body language or the opportunity to clarify. • Pre-teach key words, set pre-listening tasks, play the record several times • Authentic texts allow learners to develop strategies for dealing with the challenge of real language, while simplified texts allow them to build up their confidence. • Tasks such as completing tables, true/false, ticking correct answers in lists allow learners to show what they have understood without needing to use much language. • Sometime s you need to let them listen in a relaxed way! (story, song, explanation)
What are Key concepts for language-teaching in classroom?
500
• Focus on different, specific parts of speaking: fluency, pronunciation, register, grammatical accuracy, body language, interactive strategies… à You can teach this parallel to the first language • Controlled practice activities: drills, repetition, saying things learnt by heart. They focus on accuracy in speaking. They can be motivating because the students know that what they are saying is right • Fluency activities: problem solving, information-gap activities, project work, discussions. Learners need to get their message across. • Pair and group work • focus on either fluency or accuracy • Young learners should be allowed a silent period so that they have time to listen to and process the language first.
What are the Key concepts in speakingfor the language-teaching in classroom?
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