Albuterol
what is the route of decontamination?
none, route of transmission is orally and occurs to quickly for decontamination
what species has lily toxicosis been reported in?
cats, meerkats
what are 3 treatment options for THC toxicosis?
cerenia, SQF,
IVF
methocarbamol, benzos
what species are macadamia nuts toxic to?
dogs
what species are prone to hop toxicosis?
dogs
how quickly can clinical signs develop and last ?
minutes, persist 24-72 hours
what portion of the lily plants are toxic?
stem, pollen, water
Flowers contain highest amount of toxin
is THC fat or water soluble?
FAT
what parts of macadamia nuts are toxic?
kernel, butter
NOT oil
how early do clinical signs develop and how long is most common recovery?
30-60 minutes (up to 12 hours) and most recover in 12-24 hours
name 4 clinical signs associated with albuterol toxicity?
Tachycardia, low/high BP, increased RR, tremors, vomiting, hyperactivity, arrhythmias, lethargy, weakness
name 3 possible markers noted on initial database that may indicate lily toxicity?
- UA: isosthenuria, glucosuria
- hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia secondary to AKI
name at least 3 possible routes of exposure?
edibles, joints, vape pens, human feces (grosss), plants...
THC concentration varies: 90% in oil/wax - even if smoked or vaped, as compared to plants which is 20%
name at least 3 clinical signs associated with macadamia nut toxicosis?
weakness, lethargy, ataxia, HYPERTHERMIA
hind limb paresis, lateral recumbency
vomiting, tremors, joint swelling
what is a possible sequelae of hop toxicosis?
myoglobinuria due to elevated creatinine kinase, azotemia secondary to myoglobinuria
what 2 electrolyte derangements are most commonly seen with albuterol toxicity and do they require correction?
transient hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia via an unknown mechanism, although both of these are due to intracellular shifts of these ions rather than overall depletion.
what is a clinical sign that prognosis is guarded or poor rather than good despite treatment?
- uremia, anuria, oliguria
how sensitive are urine drug tests for THC?
< 50%
- most sensitive if THC concentration is > 50ng/mL (high)
how long do clinical signs last?
start 3-6 hours after ingestion, can last 24-48
what is best acute general treatment?
decontamination (emesis < 60 min), enemas, AC, fluids, IVF (decreased AKI), external cooling, methocarb, diazepam, dantrolene (cyproheptadine)
what is the mechanism of action associated with albuterol toxicity?
β2-adrenergic receptor agonist to provide bronchodilation by relaxing smooth muscles in the bronchi
name 3 recommended treatments for acute toxicosis?
-decontamination (emesis, AC)
-IVF (48-72 hrs)
-GI support
-hyperkalemia treatment (Ca gluconate, insulin/glucose)
-benzos for seizures
-pain relief
name the 5 most common clinical signs on presentation?
ataxia, lethargy, mydriatic pupils, inappropriate urination, hyperesthesia
Other: brady/tachycardia, brady/tachypnea, seizures, tremors
name treatments for macadamia nut toxicosis and prognosis.
supportive care- patients recover in 24-48 hours. Excellent prognosis, no known fatalities
what is the clinical presentation of hop toxicosis?
malignant hyperthermia- like syndrome