Presidential Powers
Hamilton argued for one powerful executive in this essay
Federalist #70
Model in which bureaucratic agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups work together to solve issues
Iron Triangle
The name of the department which includes all armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard)
Defense/War
Only this person/group has the power to declare war
Congress
The description of the president's informal power to persuade the public to pressure Congress to pass a law
Bully Pulpit
Congressional committees may hold hearings for agencies to account for their actions, a process called congressional "this"
Oversight
The type of bureaucratic structure which is outside of presidential control, and exist to protect people from powerful interests (examples: SEC, FEC)
Regulatory Commission
The members of this presidential advisory group must be confirmed by the Senate, and include all 15 heads of departments
Cabinet
If Congress won't pass a law, the President can direct the Bureaucracy to do something, an informal power called this
Executive Order
This model acknowledges the often temporary and combative connections of agencies, congressional committees, interest groups, and other stakeholders of a problem
Issue Network
The only department headed by an Attorney General which oversees the enforcement of laws and crime prevention
Justice
A common critique of the bureaucracy is the confusing procedures that slow the process, which is often referred to by this colorful term
Red tape
Because the Senate can be slow to ratify treaties, presidents often turn to this informal power of foreign policy
Executive Agreements
While bureaucratic agencies are tasked with implementing laws, Congress often allows them to create additional guidelines, an authority called discretionary "this"
Rulemaking
The newest department, created after 9/11, which defends borders against terrorism and immigration
Homeland Security
Since the late 1800s, civil servants in the bureaucracy are hired because of their skills, not political ideology, a system based on this
Merit