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This is one of the 5 pillars of Islam and involves making a pilgrimage to Mecca (a holy location to Muslims). Mansa Musa famously went on this pilgrimage.

Hajj

100

The elite infantry unit of the Ottoman Empire that were recruited through the process of Devshirme

Janissaries

100
Moroccan, muslim scholar who was the most travelled man in the world during the 14th century.

Ibn Battuta

100

The powerful trading company that dominated the spice trade in Asia during the Age of Exploration (VOC)

Dutch East India Company

100

City within the Mali empire that would become known as the center of Islamic culture and scholarship in West Africa

Timbuktu

100

Disease of the 14th century that swept through Central Asia and Europe, killing millions

Black Death

100

English writer and advocate for women's rights who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"

Mary Wollstonecraft

200

The official policy of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa

Apartheid

200

These triangular sails allowed ships to sail closer to the wind, aiding navigation in the Indian Ocean.

Lateen Sails

200

Economic policy that aimed to export more than import to increase a nation's wealth and power

Mercantilism

200

This philosophy emphasizes respect for family, elders, and ancestors in Chinese society

Confucianism

200

Seasonal winds that were crucial for maritime trade in the Indian Ocean

Monsoon Winds

200

Type of family structure that consists of parents and their children in one household

Nuclear Family

300

Fascist leader of Italy during WWII

Benito Mussolini

300

Invented during the Industrial Revolution, this innovation powered factories and transformed transportation

Steam Engine

300

Economist who is known as the father of modern economics and wrote the book "The Wealth of Nations"

Adam Smith

300

The two competing sects within the religion of Islam that disagree on the successor to Muhammad

Sunni & Shia

300

Animals that revolutionized travel, trade, and warfare for early civilizations in the Americas

Llamas/Alpacas

300

Ideology that applied Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society

Social Darwinism

400

Political group led by Lenin that seized power in the Russian Revolution of 1917

Bolsheviks

400

Powerful weapon was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II

Atomic Bomb

400

They were the Aztec long-distance traveling merchants in Mesoamerica

Pochteca

400

This movement in China, led by Mao Zedong, aimed to preserve communist ideology by removing capitalist influences.

Cultural Revolution

400

Deadly disease introduced to the Americas by European colonizers that decimated indigenous populations

Smallpox

400

This term refers to the generation of people who came of age during or just after World War I, as described by Ernest Hemingway

Lost Generation

500

Mongol ruler that established the Yuan Dynasty in China

Kublai Khan

500

This center of learning in Baghdad translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age.

House of Wisdom

500

Traveling merchants would stop at these inns along the Silk Road and Trans-Saharan trade network

Caravanserai

500

Founder of Sikhism

Guru Nanek

500

animal that was introduced to the Americas by the Spanish and transformed the lives of Indigenous peoples

Horses

500

In Latin America, this term was used to refer to people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry

Mestizo

600

Korean dynasty that lasted for approximately five centuries and was known for its Confucian-inspired governance

Joseon Dynasty

600

Type of ship that enabled European explorers to navigate the uncharted waters during the Age of Exploration

Caravel

600

The U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe's economic recovery after World War II

Marshall Plan

600

Hindu religious movement that emphasized personal devotion to a deity for salvation

Bhakti Movement

600

This catastrophic event in British-ruled India caused millions of deaths in the early 1940s.

Bengal Famine

600

Group of people who originated in Central Asia and established a vast empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. Known for their military prowess and were instrumental in spreading Islam and Islamic culture in the region

Seljuk Turks

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