DP1: Nature v Nurture
an individual’s changes in functioning across multiple domains, including the lifelong growth across emotional, cognitive, and social domains
Psychological development
is a holistic, interdisciplinary framework for understanding the human experience in terms of the influence of biological, psychological, and social factors
Biopsychosocial Model
How many developmental periods across the lifespan are there?
7
the brain’s ability to physically change shape in response to experience and learning
Plasticity
an activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves
Typical behaviour
Examples of cognitive development
Learning a second language.
• Learning your times tables.
• Understanding that others have a different perspective to your own.
internal genetic and/ or physiologically based factors
Biological factors
is a long-lasting bond between two individuals. In attachment theory, attachment specifically refers to the bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
Attachment
the narrow, rigid developmental period in which a specific function or skill must be learnt
Critical Periods
an activity that is unusual or unnatural according to how an individual usually behaves
Atypical behaviour
the increased likelihood to develop certain traits, including diseases, if certain conditions are met
Genetic predisposition
internal factors pertaining to an individual’s mental processes, including their cognition, affect, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes
Psychological factors
Name 2 developmental outcomes categorised by secure attachment
• a sense of trust in others
• feeling valued by others
• feeling secure in expressing one’s emotions
• development of skills which can assist the individual in dealing with challenging social circumstances, such as a breakup.
the optimal developmental period for a specific function or skill to be learnt in the fastest and easiest way
Sensitive Periods
(in relation to typicality) standards against which a judgement can be made about a person’s behaviour and abilities
Psychological criteria
The nature versus nurture debate led to the understanding that nurture has a greater impact on development than nature.
True or False?
False
external factors relating to an individual’s interactions with others and their external environment, including their relationships and community involvement
Social factors
Explanation to Erik Eriksons' crisis across the lifespan "Initiative vs. guilt" crisis
• Children begin to actively interact with others.
a case study that helped researchers understand the critical and sensitive periods involved in language acquisition. _____ experienced extreme levels of neglect, abuse, and isolation from 20 months of age up until she was discovered at 13.5 years old in 1970.
What was their name?
Genie
Name 5 psychological criteria
Statistical rarity
cultural perspectives
maladaptive behaviour
social norms
personal distress
3 aspects of psychological development
Cognitive dev
Emotional dev
Social dev
2 examples of psychological factors
• Attitudes/beliefs • Emotions (affect) • Personality • Coping skills • Sense of self • Self-esteem • Thoughts • Memories and learning
What are the stages of cognitive development?
hint: 'Small Pigs Can Fly'
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
Concrete operational stage
Formal operational stage
A case study we went through: G____ was not able to develop certain skills required in language acquisition, including?
Name 1
• fully understanding all aspects of grammar.
• verbally producing sentences.
• understanding intonation (the pattern involving rises and falls in pitch when speaking to convey meaning).
2 strengths to psychological criteria 'personal distress'
• Can be used as an indicator when cultural, social, and statistical measures are not applicable or appropriate.
• Can provide a visual indication that someone is behaving in a way that is uncommon for them, allowing for easier categorisation.