Characteristics of Life
Levels of Organization
Elements of Life and Biomolecules
DNA
Protein Synthesis
Cells
Mutations and Cancer
Miscellaneous
100

This term refers to how living things change over time

evolution

100

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function

tissue

100

This type of biomolecule is very versatile. They are the essential workers in living things. 

proteins

100

Identify the base pair rule in DNA.

Adenine -- Thymine

Cytosine -- Guanine

100

A section of DNA that codes for a protein is called a _______.

gene

100

This organelle makes proteins in all types of cells

ribosomes

100

Which type of gene mutation has occurred in the following DNA sequence:

Original DNA: GGC TAC AGC CGA

Mutated DNA: GGC TAC AGG CGA

substitution

100

This type of gene mutation occurs when the order of DNA bases is reversed.

inversion

200

All living things use ______ in order to power their life activities like eating, moving and thinking

energy
200

Organs that work together to perform a specific set of functions

organ system

200

Name the four biomolecules.

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
200

Identify DNA's structure. 

double helix or twisted ladder

200

DNA contains the ________ to build living things and _________ are like the workers that carry out those instructions. 

instructions, proteins

200

Cancer cells have lost the ability to control their cell ________. 

division or reproduction 

200

What are the two main types of mutations?

gene mutations

chromosome mutations

200
This is the tendency of organisms to keep a stable internal environment despite changes in their external environment. 

homeostasis

300

Double points and point donation

Organisms respond to their _________ in various ways. For example, animals move away from predators and plants grow toward ________. 

environment

sunlight

300

_______ are the smallest unit of all matter, and they bond together to form _______.

Atoms, molecules

300

Double points

__________ provide short term energy for living things, while _______ provide long term energy and insulation. 

Carbohydrates, lipids

300

DNA copies itself through the process of ____________. This process is semiconservative because each DNA molecule is made of one new and one old _______. 

replication, strand or side

300

Double points and point donation

Name the two steps of protein synthesis in the correct order. 

1. Transcription

2. Translation

300

_______ cells are simpler, smaller and do not contain organelles. _________ cells are larger, more complex and contain organelles. 

Prokaryotic, eukaryotic

300

Which type of gene mutation has occurred in the following DNA sequence:

Original DNA: GGA CTA CGG ATT

Mutated DNA:GGA CTA ACG GAT T

insertion

300

Double points

This is the undifferentiated type of cell that can give rise to specialized cells in the body. 

stem cells

400

Which characteristic of life refers to the passing of traits from one generation to the next

heredity or genetics

400

1. Identify one prokaryotic organism 

2. Identify one eukaryotic organism

1. bacteria, archaea

2. any animal, plant, or fungi

400

Name the six elements essential for life. 

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur
400

Most of the DNA in eukaryotic cells is found in the _______, but there is also a small amount of DNA in two other organelles: ___________ and ___________.

nucleus

mitochondria

chloroplasts

400

________ takes a message from DNA, goes to an organelle called a _________ and then that message is translated to make a _________.

mRNA, ribosome, protein

400

Identify three structures that are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 

DNA, ribosomes, proteins, cytosol, cell membrane

400

Briefly explain why insertion and deletion mutations lead to frameshifts. 

Insertions add an extra base and deletions remove a base from the DNA. In both cases, all of the bases after the initial mutation either get pushed forward or pulled back, throwing off the rest of the protein's amino acid order. 

400

Double points and point donation

__________ are things organisms' bodies do to return them to homeostasis, while _________ are things organisms' bodies do to temporarily move them away from homeostasis in order to deal with an emergency. 

Negative feedback mechanisms/loops

positive feedback mechanisms/loops

500

Bacteria reproduce _________ which basically means they clone themselves. Animals reproduce __________ because two individuals are involved in creating new offspring. 

asexually, sexually

500

Put the following terms in order from smallest to largest: cell, organism, tissue, molecule, atom, organelle, organ, organ system

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

500

For each of the biomolecules listed below identify one of its main functions:

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates: short term energy storage

Lipids: long term energy storage, insulation, cell membrane structure, messengers

Proteins: regulating and speeding up chemical reactions, structural support, carry oxygen and CO2, messengers, transport

Nucleic Acids: stores and transmits genetic information

500

When DNA replicates itself it needs the help of special proteins called ________. The replicated DNA will be identical to the original DNA except for any accidental changes called __________. 

enzymes, mutations

500

Most mutations are ________; however mutations that affect the structure and function of __________ are usually harmful.

neutral/harmless,proteins

500

What are the two parts of the cell cycle and what main things happen during each?

Interphase = the cell grows, replicates its DNA and performs its main functions

Mitosis = when the cell divides in order to reproduce


500

Most mutations are harmless and do not lead to cancer. Briefly explain what types of genes are more likely to lead to cancer if they become mutated. 

Genes that make proteins which control cell division or the cell cycle. These are called positive and negative regulatory genes. 

500

The most common external cause of cancer or _________ is cigarette smoke. The most common internal cause of cancer is mutations that occur randomly during ___________. 

carcinogen

DNA replication

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