Sleep
Stage of the Sleep Cycle when a person first falls asleep and they experience intense drowsiness
N1
Awareness of of both internal and external stimuli is called ___________.
CONSCIOUSNESS
The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.
Cognition
An originally neutral stimulus (one that doesn’t elicit any particular reflex) comes to produce a conditioned response because of its association with an unconditioned stimulus
Classical Conditioning
A sleep disorder where someone struggles to fall asleep or stay asleep.
Insomnia
Stage of the Sleep Cycle where brain activity and breathing slows, but they are more easily disturbed by external stimuli.
N2
when mental events are outside of current conscious awareness but can be brought into consciousness voluntarily (i.e., remembering)
Preconscious
A type of problem-solving strategy in which the problem solver takes small steps, evaluating each step whether it brings them closer to the solution
Hill Climbing
Giving a piece of candy to a study after they get an answer right. What type of Operant Conditioning is being shownhere?
Positive Reinforcement
Someone with an irresistible urge to sleep may have ___________.
Narcolepsy
Dream stage of sleep.
REM (Stage 4)
when mental processing occurs outside conscious awareness (e.g., controlling heart rate, respiration, and temperature)
Nonconscious
A problem-solving strategy which goes from the solution and takes steps backwards to arrive at the steps toward a solution
Working Backwards
When a baby has a dirty diaper and is crying, removing the dirty diaper will make them stop crying and they will feel better. (Taking away the diaper, increases a positive behavior - not crying)
Negative Reinforcement
What are some of the functions of sleep?
Answers may vary
Getting enough sleep can lead to lowered stress levels, improved mood, memory consolidation, etc
A very deep sleep that is hard to wake someone up from.
N3
complete lack of awareness, often drug induced or the result of an injury
Unconscious
What is the difference b/w a formal and natural concept?
Formal: have clearly defined characteristics and agreed upon rules governing what is included in that concept
Natural: do not have clearly defined characteristics nor agreed upon rules of what is included in the concept
Will pulls a dog’s tail and the dog bites him. The punishment added (the bite) scared Will. The behavior was less likely to occur again.
Positive Punishment
a disorder in which an individual periodically stops breathing during sleep and wakes to resume breathing. This can occur hundreds of times in a given night and results in daytime fatigue and exhaustion.
Sleep Apnea
Which stage of the sleep cycle is the longest?
N2
What are 3 ways you can alter your state of consciousness?
Hypnosis, Meditation, and Psychoactive Drugs
Solving a problem by a combination of forward- and backward-looking strategies
Means end analysis
After talking back to your mom, she takes your cell phone away. Since you like having your phone, you are less likely to repeat this behavior in the future.
Negative Punishment
A tendency to search for information that supports our pre-existing beliefs while ignoring information that contradicts those beliefs
Confirmation Bias