Joints
Muscle Tissue
Muscular System
The Blood
The Heart
Blood Vessels
100
What are the three functional classifications of Joints? What is mobility like for each?
1. Synarthroses – immoveable
2. Amphiarthroses – Partially moveable
3. Diarthroses – Fully moveable
100
Which two types of muscle are involuntarily controlled?
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
100
What 3 muscles are in the Hamstrings group?
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
100
What is the normal physiological pH range of the blood?
7.35-7.45
100
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
Provides a supply of oxygenated blood to the walls of the heart.
100
Which blood vessels control blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Arterioles
Muscular arteries
200
List the 6 synovial joint types.
1. Planar
2. Hinge
3. Pivot
4. Condyloid
5. Saddle
6. Ball-and-Socket
200
What are the 3 deep fascia layers of muscle? What does each cover?
1. Epimysium – covers entire muscle
2. Perimysium – Surrounds fascicles
3. Endomysium – Surrounds individual muscle fibers
200
What 4 muscles are in the abdominals group?
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transvers abdominis
200
What three proteins are found in blood? What their functions?
Albumins – transport lipid hormones
Globulins – antibodies
Fibrinogen – clotting factor
200
What vessels bring blood to the Right atrium?
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Coronary Sinus
200
Which blood vessels hold over 60% of blood?
Systemic veins & venules
300
List three functions of synovial fluid.
Lubrication of joints
Reduce friction between structures
Supply nutrients
Remove waste products
Phagocytosis of microbes & debris
300
The part of a sarcomere that contains only thin filaments.
I-band
300
Which fascicle arrangement is more powerful: parallel or pennate? Why?
Pennate – Contains more fascicles than parallel
*Parallel has the greater range of motion
300
What is the lifespan of red blood cells?
120 days
300
What are the tendon-like chords that connect to the cusps of AV valves?
Chordae tendineae
300
What layers make up the tunica interna in arteries?
Endothelium
Basement membrane
internal elastic membrane
400
Name 3 factors that affect the movement of synovial joints.
The structure and shape of bones involved in joint
Strength & tension of ligaments
Arrangments of tendon and muscles
Opposing soft parts –ie. size of muscles or amount of fat
Hormones
Disuse
400
Fluid-filled, membranous sacs that encircle each myofibril and stores Ca2+.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
400
Pectoralis Major is a muscle named based off of what characteristic?
Size
400
The percentage of blood made up by red blood cells...
Hematocrit
400
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
400
Is the tunica media thinner in arteries or veins?
Veins – There is no internal elastic lamina, just smooth muscle
500
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints? Provide one example of each.
1. Fibrous – gomphosis, syndesmosis
2. Cartilaginous – synchrondrosis, symphysis
3. Synovial – Hip joint
500
What neurotransmitter is released from neurons to stimulate an action potential in muscle fibers?
Acetylcholine
500
Which lever type is the most common in the body?
3rd class lever
500
The precursor of platelets
Megakaryocytes
500
What component of the heart conduction system is known as the "Pacemaker?"
Sinoatrial Node
500
What are the largest arteries in the body?
Elastic arteries
600
What type of movement is occurring?
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Pronation
600
A structural feature of cardiac muscle that contains gap junctions and allows for the spreading of electrical impulses.
Intercalated discs
600
Which lever type produces the most force?
2nd class lever
600
An agranular leukocyte that performs phagocytosis once it transforms into a macrophage.
Monocyte
600
What term describes "lubb" and "dupp" sounds the heart makes?
Korotkoff sounds
600
Why do capillaries only contain endothelium and a basement membrane?
To help with the efficient exchange of nutrients and wastes between blood and tissues.