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100

Define the Drive-Reduction theory

Works on the premise of the body’s constant need to achieve homeostasis or balance. Once a state of stability is reached, the discomfort or the internal tension within the body subsides and the drive prompting the behavior is no longer there

100

_______________________ refers to the forces that prompt people to engage in particular behaviours or tasks

Motivation

100

Operant conditioning is:

Method that employs rewards and punishments for behavior

100

Attitude can be defined as:

Long lasting patterns of feelings and beliefs about other people, ideas, or objects that are based in people's experiences and shape their future behaviour.

200

What is the James-Lange theory of emotions?

The theory that when an event occurs, our body reacts, and then we feel emotion after the brain interprets that physiological change

200

Define and provide an example of extrinsic motivation

External rewards and praise (money, fame)

200

Define and provide an example of intrinsic motivation

Incentive we feel to complete a task simply because we find it interesting or enjoyable. Playing a sport because you find it fun.

200

How can encoding be described?

The process of converting information into a form that can be stored in memory

300

Persuasion involves changing someone’s attitude or behavior through communication. The success of persuasion often depends on three factors:

Source, message, and audience

300

What is Vicarious Conditioning?

Engaging in a behaviour or not, after seeing others being rewarded or punished for performing that action

300

What is the Canon Bard theory of emotion?

States that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously but independently when an individual encounters a stimulus

300

Define sensitization in learning 

When an individual is exposed to a stimulus for a long time, or many times, and then has an increased behavioural response

400

A decrease in behavioural response after lengthy or repeated exposure to a stimulus is _________ learning

Habitual

400

Explain the self-perception theory

Argues that people become aware of certain attitudes by observing their own behavior.

400

Attitudes have these 3 components:

Cognitive, affective, behavioural

400

The fundamental attribution error is:

The tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors (like personality) and underestimate the influence of external factors (like situation) when explaining other people's behavior.

500

What is cognitive dissonance? Include an example

When there’s a conflict between our attitudes and actions, it creates an uncomfortable feeling called cognitive dissonance. This discomfort motivates us to reduce the inconsistency.

500

What is the Yerkes-Dodson law? Explain in detail (Hint: think of the bell diagram)

The law suggests that performance increases with mental arousal but only up to a point. When an individuals' level of stress is too low or too high, their performance deteriorates.

500

____________________ memory: includes memories that influence our behavior without conscious awareness, such as procedural memory (skills like riding a bike) and conditioned responses.

Implicit

500

What is the over justification effect?

when external rewards, such as money or praise, reduce a person’s intrinsic motivation to perform a task they initially found enjoyable.  

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