Ch. 16
____________ were industrial leaders who maintained their power without accountability or morals.
"Robber Barons"
At the height of his power, __________ controlled how much of the oil production in the United States?
John D. Rockefeller
A politician who was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party and a strong advocate of populism. Did not support the Gold Standard, railroads, or banks. Promoted Free Silver, anti-imperialism, and trust-busting.
Who was William Jennings Bryan?
a set of ideologies that apply Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society
Social Darwinism
This book highlighted many of the issues in the meatpacking industry
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
__________ took advantage of a new steelmaking process that was both cheaper and more efficient, which allowed him to dominate US steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
The __ Amendment to the United States Constitution gives Congress the power to levy an income tax without regard to population or census
16th
a political movement in the late 19th century that sought to represent the interests of farmers and laborers against the elites and established political powers
The Populist Party
a political and social reform movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, aiming to address issues like corruption in government and business, labor rights, women's suffrage, and social inequalities caused by industrialization, largely by advocating for increased government regulation and social welfare programs
Progressivism
reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications.
Muckrakers
a business strategy where a company expands its operations by acquiring or merging with another company in the same industry and at the same level of the value chain
horizontal integration
a federal law that prohibits anticompetitive business practices and the formation of trusts, cartels, and monopolies
Sherman Antitrust Act
a landmark 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Plessy V Ferguson
a brief conflict fought between the United States and Spain in 1898, primarily sparked by the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain, which ultimately resulted in the US gaining control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines, marking a significant shift towards American imperialism on the world stage
What was the Spanish American War?
US President known for signing the first tariff revision since 1897; establishing a postal savings system; forming the Interstate Commerce Commission; and prosecuting over 75 antitrust violations
William H. Taft
a business strategy where a company owns and controls multiple stages of a product's supply chain, from raw materials to retail
vertical integration
a philosophy popularized by Andrew Carnegie, a prominent industrialist, which argued that wealthy individuals had a moral obligation to use their wealth for the greater good of society by actively engaging in philanthropy and donating to institutions that would benefit the public
The "Gospel of Wealth"
a farmer organization founded in 1867 that aimed to promote the social and economic interests of farmers by advocating for better agricultural practices, cooperative buying, and political reforms to combat issues like high railroad freight rates and unfair market prices they faced during the late 19th century
The Grange
a law passed in 1887 that aimed to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream society by dividing tribal lands into individual plots
The Dawes Act
US President known for his "Square Deal" domestic policies, which called for fairness for all citizens, breaking bad trusts, regulating railroads, and pure food and drugs.
Teddy Roosevelt
a highly corrupt political machine in New York City led by "Boss" William M. Tweed, which used bribery, graft, and fraudulent elections to steal millions of dollars from the city treasury through inflated public contracts and other schemes
What is "Tweed Ring"
a powerful American banker and industrialist who was a major figure in the development of the US economy
J.P. Morgan
a style of journalism that uses sensationalism and exaggeration to sell newspapers
Yellow Journalism
a prominent late 19th century African American educator and leader who advocated for African Americans to focus on vocational training and economic self-improvement through hard work, rather than actively pursuing immediate social and political equality, most notably expressed in his "Atlanta Compromise" speech; he is best known for founding the Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college focused on industrial education.
Booker T Washington
US President known for passing the 19th amendment to grant women's rights', his success in making the Democratic Party a "party of reform," and his ability to shape public opinion molded together the modern presidency.
Woodrow Wilson