Nature V Nurture
Infancy Physical/Cognitive
Infancy Social
Early Childhood 3-6
Childhood 7-12
Adolescence 13-19
Vocab Words Check
100

This term represents a human's inborn or natural tendencies, behaviors, or capabilities.

What is "Innate" or "Instinct"?

100

These involuntary movements exhibited by infants are critical indicators of neurological development and play a role in the survival and adaptation of newborns.

What are "infant reflexes"?

100

This stage of psychosocial development during infancy focuses on establishing trust through the consistent meeting of basic needs by caregivers.

What is "Psychosocial Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust"?

100

This stage, as described by Piaget, occurs from ages 2 to 7, where children use language and imagery to represent objects, though they struggle with logical reasoning and understanding the perspectives of others.  

What is "Stage 2: Preoperational"?

100

According to Piaget, this stage of cognitive development involves thinking logically about tangible things and grasping the concept of conservation.

What is "Cognitive Stage 3: Concrete Operational"?

100

This term refers to the first occurrence of menstruation in females, signifying the onset of puberty.

What is "Menarche"?

100

These involuntary, automatic responses in infants include the rooting, Moro, and Babinski reflexes.

What are "Infant reflexes"?

200

Acquiring knowledge or skills through study, experience, or teaching is often a crucial aspect of the nurture debate.

What is "Learning"?

200

This process involves incorporating new experiences into existing cognitive frameworks, allowing children to adapt to their environment, as described by Piaget.  

What is "assimilation"?

200

According to Erikson's theory, this stage involves children gaining autonomy by completing simple tasks independently.

What is "Psychosocial Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Self-doubt"?

200

This term describes a child's inability to recognize that others may have different thoughts, feelings, or perspectives than their own.

What is "Egocentrism"?

200

This term refers to the ability to understand that an action can be reversed or undone, restoring the original condition.

What is "Reversibility"?

200

According to Piaget, this stage of cognitive development involves the ability to think abstractly and engage in hypothetical thinking.

 What is "Cognitive Stage 4: Formal operational"?

200

A logical thinking ability that allows a person to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size.

What is the "conservation"?

300

This refers to the environmental and societal influences, beliefs, and customs passed down within a specific group.

What is "Culture"?

300

This cognitive concept refers to an infant's understanding that objects exist even when they are not visible.

What is "Object permanence"?

300

This term refers to the anxiety that infants experience when they come into contact with unfamiliar people.

What is "Stranger anxiety"?

300

According to Piaget, this term refers to the lack of understanding that certain quantities remain the same even when their appearance changes.  

What is "Lack of conservation"?

300

This term, coined by psychologist Lev Vygotsky, refers to the support and guidance provided by an adult or peer to help a child learn a new skill, gradually reducing assistance as the child becomes more competent.

What is "scaffolding"?

300

This type of reasoning involves drawing conclusions or inferences from general principles and rules.

What is "deductive reasoning"?

300

According to Piaget, this term refers to mental frameworks that organize and interpret information.

What is "Schema"?


400

This term refers to the total of all external factors that influence a person's life, development, and survival, including physical, social, and cultural aspects.

What is "Environment"?  

400

According to Piaget's theory, infants learn during this cognitive development stage through sensory experiences and physical actions.

What is "Cognitive Stage 1: Sensorimotor"?

400

This term refers to the distress an infant experiences when separated from their primary caregiver.

What is "Separation anxiety"?

400

According to Erikson, this stage involves children initiating tasks and developing a sense of purpose, or they experience feelings of guilt.

What is "Psychosocial Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt"?

400

This term describes the ability to group objects into categories based on common features.

What is "Classification"?

400

According to Erikson, this stage involves adolescents actively exploring their identity and values, forming a clear sense of self.

What is "Psychosocial Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion/Diffusion"?

400

This process involves incorporating new information into existing mental frameworks or schemas.

What is "Assimilation"?

500

It includes the genetic material inherited from parents to offspring, shaping various traits and characteristics.

What are "Genes" or "Heredity"?

500

In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, this process involves modifying existing mental frameworks to incorporate new information, as when a child learns that not all four-legged animals are dogs.

What is "Accomodation"?

500

This term refers to the emotional bond between an infant and their caregiver, established through consistent care and responsiveness.

What is "Secure attachment"?

500

This term refers to the belief commonly held by children that inanimate objects possess feelings, thoughts, and intentions, often attributing life-like qualities to them.  

What is "Animism"?

500

According to Erikson, this stage involves children developing a sense of competence by mastering tasks, or they may feel inadequate.

What is "Psychosocial Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority"?

500

This term describes the state in which adolescents remain uncertain about their identity, lacking direction and experiencing confusion.

What is "Role Confusion/Diffusion"?

500

According to Piaget, this process involves modifying existing mental frameworks or creating new ones to incorporate new information.

What is "Accommodation"?

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