DNA Replication
Anti-parallel
Nucleic acids are composed of the following elements:
CHONP
Transcription occurs in what organelle?
Nucleus
Translation occurs where?
Ribosome in the cytoplasm
Monomer of protein
Amino Acid
DNA replication occurs during this phase of the cell cycle (BE SPECIFIC).
What nitrogenous base is different between DNA and RNA?
The flow of genetic information from DNA --> RNA --> Protein.
Central Dogma
Translation is the process in which ________ is translated to synthesize _______________.
mRNA, protein
What is the start codon?
AUG
Helicase
Explain why RNA is able to leave the nucleus but not DNA.
Transcription is when _____ (hint: messenger) copies the genetic information from __________.
mRNA, DNA
Nitrogenous bases are read 3 bases at a time. These 3 bases are known as a __________.
Codon
What are the STOP codons?
UAA, UAG, UGA
This term describes how each DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new complementary strand.
Semi-Conservative
Nucleic acids are composed of the monomer: nucleotides. What are the 3 components of a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate group, & nitrogenous base
During transcription, DNA needs to unwind in order for mRNA to make a copy. In this case, how many bonds are broken between A and T? G and C?
2, 3
This is the name of the bond formed between amino acids during translation.
Peptide bond
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome.
tRNA
Enzyme that adds complementary nitrogenous base pairs.
DNA Polymerase
Based on Chargaff's rule, a scientist analyzes DNA sample and finds 16% guanine. What percentage of thymine is present?
Thymine = 34%
Transcribe the following DNA template:
TAC ATA AAA ATC
AUG UAU UUU UAG
Translate the following mRNA template:
AUG UAU UUU UAG
Met - Tyr - Phe
Proteins have another name based on the bonds between the amino acids, what is it?
Polypeptide