Dose Limits
What agency is responsible for enforcing radiation safety standards?
NCR
Primary radiation barriers must be at least how high?
7 feet
What does NRC stand for?
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Female reproductive organs receive about ____ times more exposure during a given radiographic procedure involving the pelvic region?
3 times
True or false?
Only the protective lead that the technologist use needs to be hung or draped, patient shields can be store in any fashion.
False, all protective lead apparel should be stored correctly to preserve the integrity of the product
The NCRP recommends that radiation exposure be kept at what level?
As Low As Reasonably Achievable
How much filtration must be permanently installed in the path of the useful beam of the fluoroscopic unit?
Minimum of 2.5 mm total Aluminum
The monthly EqD to an embryo-fetus should not exceed what?
0.5 mSv
For safeguarding the ovaries where should the lead shield be located?
Approximately 2.5cm medial to each palpable superior iliac spine
When positioning the C-Arm, where should the X-ray tube & image intensifier be located?
X-ray tube under the table, Image intensifier over the table
What is the annual occupational effective dose that applies to radiographers during routine operations?
50 mSv
In diagnostic radiology which radiation sources pose the greatest occupational hazard for the radiographer?
Scatter radiation sources
Which agency is responsible for regulations regarding employees' right to know about hazards that may be present in the workplace?
OSHA
What kind of approach is essential in-patient care during diagnostic x-ray procedures?
A holistic approach
What amount of lead equivalency must be met during a fluoro exam for an Apron, Gloves & Thyroid shield respectively?
Apron at least 0.25mm
Gloves at least 0.25mm
Thyroid shield 0.5mm
Fundamental radiation protection standards governing occupational radiation exposure may be found in what document?
10 CFR 20
The lead glass window of the control booth barrier typically consists of how much Aluminum?
1.5 mm
Which group is responsible for providing clear and consistent radiation protection guidance through recommendations for occupational dose limits and public dose limits?
ICRP
In fluoroscopy, the amount of radiation that a patient receives at the entrance surface of the skin is usually estimated how?
By measuring the radiation exposure rate at the tabletop (based upon ionization chamber measurements as part of routine equipment surveys) and multiplying by the fluoroscopy time
The control booth barrier for the protection of the radiographer must have what two things?
1) Extend at least 2.1 meters upward from the floor
2) Must be permanently secured to the floor
Which group is responsible for reviewing studies of biologic effects of ionizing effects and risk assessment?
NAS/NRC-BEIR
Name 2 advantages of beam restriction?
1) Less scatter radiation is produced
2) Less biologic tissue is irradiated
Name the 4 areas of the body that should be shielded from the useful beam whenever possible?
1) Thyroid gland
2) Lens of the eye
3) Breasts
4) Reproductive organs
Name 3 ways patient exposure can be substantially reduced?
Use of proper body (part) immobilization/motion reduction techniques
Appropriate beam limitation
Adequate filtration of the x-ray beam
Use of gonadal or other specific area shielding
Selection of suitable technical factors used in conjunction with computer-generated digital images
Use of appropriate digital image processing
Elimination of repeat radiographic exposures
What two things can be achieved by using high kVp & a lower mAs than the other way around?
1) Less side scatter radiation will be produced
2) The potential EqD is reduced