DNA & RNA
How would you describe the shape of DNA? RNA?
DNA = double helix
RNA = single helix
Where does transcription occur in the cell? Translation?
transcription = nucleus
translation = ribosomes
What is the difference between a variation and an adaptation?
variations = differences within a population that do NOT affect fitness
adaptations = variations that all members have inherited because they improve fitness
What is the name for the timeline of Earth's history?
geologic time scale
Define fitness as it relates to biology.
the ability for an organism to survive and reproduce
Name ONE of the scientists responsible for the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Watson
Crick
Franklin
What is made during transcription? Translation?
transcription = mRNA
translation = protein
During the process of natural selection, what force is doing the "selecting"?
the environment
What is the fossil record and how has it acted as evidence for the theory of evolution?
Darwin defined evolution as a change in ___ over long periods of time.
populations
What is the name of the sugar found in DNA? RNA?
DNA = deoxyribose
RNA = ribose
codon is to mRNA as ___ is to tRNA
anticodon
During the process of artificial selection, what force is doing the "selecting"?
humans
What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
homologous = same structure, different function
analogous = different structure, same function
definition = structures inherited from ancestors but have lost much/all of their original function
examples: tailbone, appendix, hip bones in snakes and whales, flightless birds, etc.
The "NA" in DNA and RNA stands for "nucleic acid". What is the monomer (also known as puzzle piece or subunit) for nucleic acids?
nucleotides
If a DNA sequences reads GCA, what is the mRNA sequence? AND what is the name of the enzyme that adds the bases on mRNA?
enzyme = RNA polymerase
the organisms
What is the most important feature of the physical environment?
climate
What type of bonds hold together the two strands in a DNA molecule?
hydrogen bonds
What two enzymes were discussed in class that are needed for DNA replication?
helicase, DNA polymerase
If a codon reads AGU, what would the anticodon read? What is the 3 letter sequence for the START codon?
anticodon = UCA
start codon = AUG
Provide an example of natural, artificial, or sexual selection from a book or movie.
Answers will vary.
Provide an example of biochemical evidence that supports the theory of evolution.
Answers will vary. Examples include that organisms use the same codons and amino acids for life. They also have many of the same functional molecules (ex: hemoglobin).
Provide a definition for the term "species". What percentage of all species that have lived on Earth have gone extinct?
species = group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring
99% of all of Earth's species have gone extinct