Medical
What does AVPU stand for and what do we use it to assess
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive; level of consciousness
What is the first method we try for controlling most external bleeding
Direct pressure
What is the difference between an artery and a vein
Artery = carries blood away from heart, veins = carries blood back to the heart
What does the prefix “hypo-” mean
Low, deficient
How old does UTEFR turn this year
20!
This term describes an abnormally rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
What is the difference between a sprain and a strain
Sprain = ligament injury, strain = muscle/tendon injury
What is the difference between systole and diastole
Systole = contraction of the heart, diastole = relaxation and filling of the heart
What does cyanosis refer to?
Bluish discoloration of the skin
What does “10-4” mean
Copy, understood
What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale
Eye response (4), verbal response (5), and motor response (6)
What is used to stabilize a femur fracture, and what is its purpose?
Traction splint → aligns the femur and reduces further damage to surrounding tissue and blood vessels
What are the 5 regions of the spine and how many segments are in each
Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5), coccygeal (4)
Explain the terms medial/lateral and proximal/distal
Medial = Towards midline
Lateral = Away from midline
Proximal = Closer to torso (limbs)
Distal = Away from torso (limbs)
Name the three stages of shock
Compensated, decompensated, irreversible
This neurological condition is characterized by a temporary loss of consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain, followed by a period of confusion
Generalized seizure
Diagnose this patient: blunt chest trauma following an MVC: HR 132, BP 78/48, RR 34, absent breath sounds on the left, tracheal deviation to the right
Left-sided pneumothorax
Trace the path of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium
Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary arteries → lungs → pulmonary veins → left atrium
What is the difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia?
Hypoxia = inadequate oxygen at the issue level, hypoxemia = low oxygen in arterial blood
What is Rafa's favourite food?
Tacos!
This triad is a late sign of critically increased intracranial pressure. Name the triad and its three associated findings
Cushing’s Triad: (1) widened pulse pressure, (2) bradycardia, (3) irregular respirations
A 60-year-old adult has partial thickness burns involving: entire anterior trunk, entire right arm, entire left arm, and the anterior surface of both legs. Using the Rule of Nines, what is the estimated TBSA burned?
54%
(18% anterior trunk, 18% both arms + 18% both anterior legs)
What cranial nerves are involved in the pupillary light reflex (name, number, and function)
Optic nerve (CN II, detects light), Oculomotor nerve (CN III, causes constriction via parasympathetic pathway)
What term defines this: abnormal, involuntary muscle contractions that produce twisting movements or abnormal postures
Dystonia
What drug is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)
Adenosine