Matter & Energy
Solid, Liquid, Gas
General term for 2 or more atoms bonded
together.
Molecule
Are proton donors: they release hydrogen ions.
Acids
There are three classes of carbohydrates. Name them.
Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Energy in action is known as ______ energy.
Kinetic
Specific molecule that has 2 or more
different kinds of atoms bonded together.
Compound
Are proton acceptors: they pick up H+ ions in
solution.
Bases
Double sugars.
Too large to pass through cell membranes.
Formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides.
Disaccharides
Directly powers chemical reactions in cells.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Stored (inactive) energy is known as ______.
Potential
There are three basic types of mixtures. Name them.
Solutions, Colloids, Suspensions
Ionic compounds that dissociate into
separate ions in water. Separate into cations and anions.
Salts
Simple sugars containing three to seven carbon atoms.
Monomers of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides
Single-stranded linear molecule is active mostly outside nucleus.
Contains a ribose sugar (not deoxyribose).
RNA
T/F: Energy can be transformed from potential to kinetic energy.
True
Homogeneous mixtures, meaning particles are
evenly distributed throughout.
Solutions
T/F: All ions are called electrolytes because they can conduct electrical currents in solution.
True
Many sugars.
Polymers of monosaccharides.
Formed by dehydration synthesis of many monomers.
Not very soluble.
Polysaccharides
Nucleotides contain a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases:
Purines: adenine (A), guanine (G)
Pyrimidines: cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
DNA
T/F: Energy conversion is efficient.
False.
Some energy is "lost" as heat, which can be partly unusable energy.
Both are heterogeneous mixtures.
Colloids and Suspensions
T/F: The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more BASIC that solution is.
False
Carbohydrates are made of three elements. Name them.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Nucleic acid polymers are made up of monomers called:
Nucleotides