complications of intravenous therapy
two type of complications from intravenous therapy
what is...infiltration, Extravasation, fluid overload, Phlebitis/thrombophlebitis?
three types of medication effects
what are CNS Effects, anticholinergic effects, cardiovascular, GI, hematologic, toxicity, allergy, EPS, immunosupression, and food interactions?
Methods of antimicrobial actions (name 3)
what is :
Destroying the cell wall
Inhibiting the conversion of an enzyme unique for bacterium’s survival
Impairing protein synthesis
Disrupting bacterial synthesis or function of DNA/ RNA
Inhibiting viral replication.
indication for IV therapy
Supplement fluid intake, give fluid replacement, electrolytes, or nutrients.
Give medications for individuals who do not tolerate po intake/ po form of medications
Findings: pain, burning, redness, swelling, can lead to SEVERE skin damage.
what is extravasation?
Dizziness, hypotension, drowsiness, confusion, decreased RR
what is CNS depressants?
Classifications of antimicrobial therapy (all)
what are:
Broad spectrum: wide variety of bacteria
Narrow spectrum: few types of bacteria
bactericidal : lethal
Bacteriostatic: slow the growth so the immune system can catch up and kill bacteria.
two advantages for IV therapy
Rapid effects
Precise amounts (if done correctly).
Constant therapeutic blood levels.
Less irritation to subQ and muscle.
Permits use of medication with irritant properties.
Findings: pallor, local swelling, decreased skin temp, damp dressing, slowed infusion “distal occlusion.”
what is Infiltration?
insomnia, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, paranoia, anxiety, chest pain
what is CNS stimulation?
Name an antibiotics affecting the bacterial cell wall
Penicillins (do not use)
Cephalosporins- pick one
Carbapenems-pick one
Monobactams-pick one
Vancomycin- must do
Aztreonam
Fosfomycin
two disadvantages to IV therapy
Circulatory overload
Immediate absorption and leaves little time to correct errors
Vein irritation
infection
possible treatment for the following findings: distended neck veins, increased BP, tachycardia, SOB, crackles in lungs, edema
what is lasix? what is slowed infusion? what is discontinue IV fluids? what is oxygen?
rash, itchiness, shortness of breath, wheezing, angioedema
what is a medication allergy?
name an antibiotics that affects protein synthesis
what are
Tetracyclines ( do not do)
Macrolides- pick 2
Aminoglycosides-pick 2
Streptomycin
(all) types of IV therapy
Continuous fluids: expressed as mL/hr
IV push/ bolus: SMALL volume injection that can be concentrated or diluted and typically infused over 1-2 min.
Intermittent/ Piggyback: smaller volume as well but typically over LONGER amount of time than iv push/bolus
Low oxygen sats, shortness of breath, chest pain, blood cough
what is a catheter embolus?
what are anticholinergic effects?
Name a consideration to teach patients when taking tetracycline
Few serious adverse effects. Most common is gastric distress. Po should NOT be taken with milk or iron
Should not be given to children younger than 8 for risk of yellow-brown discoloration in permanent teeth.
Affects fetal bone growth and teeth development, avoid in pregnancy.
Increased skin sensitivity with UV light
Doxycycline can increase dig toxicity.
pink catheter is which gauge?
what is a 20G IV