Nah I think you're just acting hormonal, here's a drug it.
Wait... you don't have both parts?
Defense Mechanism: grab em' by the thymus.
Parathyroid hormone and thyroid hormone are the same thing right? right???
I be stressed.
100
This drug is a synthetic analogue of T4
levothyroxine
100
This enzyme converts testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone
5alpha-reductase
100
These are the spinal levels of the thyroid gland
What is C5-T1
100
This is the most common cause of hypothroidism in developed countries
What is hashimotos thyroiditis
100
Increased cortisol causes?
-lipolysis or lipogenesis
-glycogenesis or gluconeogenesis
-proteolysis or protein anabolism
-pro-inflammatory processes or anti-inflammatory processes
lipolysis
gluconeogenesis
proteolysis
anti-inflammatory processes
200
These drugs mimic endogenous pyrophosphate, an endogenous bone resorption inhibitor. Bind to hydroxyapatite and inhibit bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors, thus leading to an indirect increase in bone mineral density.
Bisphosphonates
200
This x-linked recessive sexual development disorder is due to a mutation in the androgen receptor gene on the X-chromosome, resulting in cryptorchidism, normal looking external female genitalia, and the absence of a uterus and fallopian tubes.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
200
This is the origin of the inferior thyroid arteries
What is the thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian arteries
200
This enzyme is responsible for the oxidation and organification of Iodide
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
200
The hypothalamus produces _______ which causes the pituitary to produce ______ which causes the adrenals to produce _______.
The hypothalamus produces CRH which causes the pituitary to produce ACTH which causes the adrenals to produce Glucocorticoids.
300
This drug Inhibits TPO to reduce thyroid hormone production, and also inhibits 5'deiodinase which blunts peripheral conversion of T4->T3
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
300
This sexual development disorder is characterized by a defect in the migration of the olfactory placode neuron and GnRH neurons, resulting in decreased/absent sense of smell and decreased GnRH secretion by the hypothalamus.
Kallmann syndrome or hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
300
The inferior parathyroid gland arises from this embryoligc strucuture
what is 3rd pharyngeal pouch
300
In primary hypothyroidism, you would exepct to see these levels of TSH and T3/T4 (high or low?)
TSH High, T3/T4 Low
300
name the four pathologic conditions that can cause hypercortisolism.
Exogenous hypercortisolism due to excess glucocorticoid use
Adrenal adenoma
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas
Ectopic ACTH-producing tumor
400
A patient with a history of arrythmias develops symptoms of hyperthyroidism. They were likely taking this drug to control their arrythmias
amiodorone
400
Testosterone, stimulates the growth and differentiation of the ______ ducts. At the same time, antimüllerian hormone produced by testicular Sertoli cells causes atrophy of a second set of ducts, the _____ ducts.
Wolffian
müllerian
400
This is the path of both reccurent laryngeal nerves
left recurrent laryngeal wraps around aortic arch, right recurrent laryngeal wraps around subclavian artery
400
In hypothyroidisim what is the effect on serum cholesterol and why?
Hypercholesterolemia due to decreased expression of LDL receptors in the liver
400
These two causes of hypercortisolemia result in low ACTH levels.
Adrenal Adenoma
Exogenous hypercortisolism due to excess glucocorticoid use
500
This drug inhibits 11 beta hydroxylase, preventing the conversion of 11 deoxycortisol to cortsiol
metyrapone
500
The ovaries have three cell types. Name each cell type and what each specifically produces. (for example, the testes have Leydig cells that produce testosterone)
Ovaries have three cell types: germ cells, granulosa cells, and theca cells. The germ cells produce oogonia. The theca cells synthesize progesterone, while the follicular cells produce estrogens
500
If you are preforming a tracheotomy, you need to be aware of the prescence of this structure
What is Thyroid ima artery
500
When parathyroid hormone binds to osteoblasts what is the result?
osteoblasts produce RANK-L which binds to RANK on osteoclasts and increases their activity therfore increasing bone resorption
500
A patient is given a low and high dose dexamethasone test. Their results are listed below. What is the cause of their hypercortisolemia? (Hint: it's not due to excess glucocorticoids)
Low dose dexamethasone test: High Cortisol
High dose: High Cortisol. High ATCH.
Ectopic ACTH producing tumor 