MP
PDE5 inhibitors are contraindicated with which class of drugs and why?
NO donors - together, NO donors and PDE5 inhibitors can cause severe hypotension.
Which tissue produces chylomicrons?
The intestine
What are the three auditory ossicles?
Malleus, incus and stapes
At what age does adulthood begin, according to Sawyer?
25 years
Which three emergency contraception methods are available in Australia?
Levonorgestrel tablet, ulipristal acetate tablet, copper IUD
Which lipoproteins contain 'good' cholesterol and why?
HDLs - contains excess cholesterol that has been removed from cells and blood that is then transported to the liver for elimination.
What is the function of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles in the middle ear?
Protects the inner ear from loud sounds
True or false: during adulthood, crystallised intelligence decreases while fluid intelligence increases.
False - crystallised intelligence increases while fluid intelligence decreases.
Desmopressin is indicated for what?
- Diabetes Insipidus (due to ADH insufficiency)
- Nocturnal enuresis in children
- Nocturnal polyuria in adults
Familial hypercholesterolemia is caused by a mutation of which gene on which chromosome?
LDLR gene on chromosome 19
In the vestibular pathway, afferent nerves from vestibular hair cells terminate in vestibular nuclei of the medulla. What are these four nuclei called?
Medial, superior, lateral, inferior
What percentage of mental health presentations are before the age of 25?
75%
Which other PDE isoenzymes are inhibited by sildenafil and tadalafil?
PDE1, PDE3, PDE6, PDE11
Which apolipoprotein is responsible for clearing chylomicron remnants in the liver?
ApoE
The receptors in the saccule and utricle are sensitive to which types of forces?
Saccule: vertical forces
Utricle: horizontal forces
What percentage of the Australian population is affected by bipolar at some point in their lives?
2-5%
Tamsulosin is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and the resulting bladder outlet obstruction. What class does this drug belong to?
Selective alpha blockers - it inhibits alpha-1A adrenoreceptors
What are the desirable plasma levels for total LDLs and triglycerides (mmol/L)?
LDLs: <2.6mmol/L
Triglycerides: <1.7mmol/L
CN VIII (facial nerve): anterior 2/3 of the tongue
CNIX (glossopharyngeal nerve): posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CNX (vagus nerve): epiglottis and pharynx
In bipolar I disorder, manic episodes last for how long?
At least one week